Supporting knowledge justice through community science air quality monitoring and a reciprocal reporting process.

In community science on air quality, low-cost air monitors have emerged as an opportunity to democratize data reporting and support knowledge justice by providing participants with instantaneous access to air quality data. In this study, we equipped residents in four environmental justice communities in North Denver with low-cost air monitors to collect real-time air quality data for four separate 30-day field deployments over two years. We conceptualize an improvement to conventional report-back processes by suggesting a 3-part approach - a reciprocal reporting process that includes 1) bidirectional open channels of communication with participants, 2) democratized data access via instant monitor data and written data summaries, and 3) responsive intervention opportunities to respond in real-time to participants air quality concerns.

Fungal Trunk Diseases Causing Decline of Apricot and Plum Trees in the Czech Republic.

Fungal trunk diseases (FTDs) have been a significant threat to the global stone fruit industry. FTDs are caused by a consortium of wood-decaying fungi. These fungi colonize woody tissues, causing cankers, dieback, and other decline-related symptoms in host plants.

Transforming entomology to adapt to global concerns: 2021 student debates.

The 2021 Student Debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) were held at the Annual Meeting in Denver, CO. The event was organized by the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC). The theme of the 2021 Student Debates was "Transforming Entomology to Adapt to Global Concerns", with 3 topics.

Implementing IPM in crop management simultaneously improves the health of managed bees and enhances the diversity of wild pollinator communities.

Impacts of insecticide use on the health of wild and managed pollinators have been difficult to accurately quantify in the field. Existing designs tend to focus on single crops, even though highly mobile bees routinely forage across crop boundaries. We created fields of pollinator-dependent watermelon surrounded by corn, regionally important crops in the Midwestern US.

IPM reduces insecticide applications by 95% while maintaining or enhancing crop yields through wild pollinator conservation.

Pest management practices in modern industrial agriculture have increasingly relied on insurance-based insecticides such as seed treatments that are poorly correlated with pest density or crop damage. This approach, combined with high invertebrate toxicity for newer products like neonicotinoids, makes it challenging to conserve beneficial insects and the services that they provide. We used a 4-y experiment using commercial-scale fields replicated across multiple sites in the midwestern United States to evaluate the consequences of adopting integrated pest management (IPM) using pest thresholds compared with standard conventional management (CM).

Supplemental forage ameliorates the negative impact of insecticides on bumblebees in a pollinator-dependent crop.

Insecticide use and insufficient forage are two of the leading stressors to pollinators in agroecosystems. While these factors have been well studied individually, the experimental designs do not reflect real-world conditions where insecticide exposure and lack of forage occur simultaneously and could interactively suppress pollinator health. Using outdoor enclosures, we tested the effects of insecticides (imidacloprid + lambda-cyhalothrin) and non-crop forage (clover) in a factorial design, measuring the survival, behaviour and performance of bumblebees (), as well as pollination of the focal crop, watermelon.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit of , from stem of , on stems of , from rhizosphere soil of , on living leaves of , , and on living leaves of sp. , from soil.

Technological Advances to Address Current Issues in Entomology: 2020 Student Debates.

The 2020 Student Debates of the Entomological Society of America (ESA) were live-streamed during the Virtual Annual Meeting to debate current, prominent entomological issues of interest to members. The Student Debates Subcommittee of the National ESA Student Affairs Committee coordinated the student efforts throughout the year and hosted the live event. This year, four unbiased introductory speakers provided background for each debate topic while four multi-university teams were each assigned a debate topic under the theme 'Technological Advances to Address Current Issues in Entomology'.

Defining and validating regenerative farm systems using a composite of ranked agricultural practices.

Ongoing efforts attempt to define farms as regenerative to aid marketers, policymakers, farmers, etc. The approach needs to balance precision with function, and must be transparent, simple, scalable, transferable, incorruptible, and replicable. We developed practice-based scoring systems to distinguish regenerative cropland and rangeland, and validate them based on whether these scores scaled with regenerative goals on actual farm operations.

First report of Lasiodiplodia theobromae causing decline of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in the Czech Republic.

Popularity of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has been rising worldwide, due to their nutritional bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, anthocyanins and polyphenols (Sinelli et al. 2008).

Fungal Trunk Pathogens Associated With in the Czech Republic.

L. (English walnut) trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in two regions in the Czech Republic. Isolations were made from diseased branches.

Multiplex real-time PCR for the detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and pathogenic Xanthomonas species on tomato plants.

A multiplex real-time PCR method based on fluorescent TaqMan® probes was developed for the simultaneous detection of the tomato pathogenic bacteria Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and bacterial spot-causing xanthomonads.

MicroRNAs in cv. Chardonnay Are Differentially Expressed in Response to Species.

species are important pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on grapevines. Several species are known, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, as causal agents of many relevant diseases, including swelling arm, trunk cankers, leaf spots, root and fruit rots, wilts, and cane bleaching. A growing body of evidence exists that a class of small non-coding endogenous RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, during plant development and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

High-throughput small RNA sequencing for evaluation of grapevine sanitation efficacy.

This study describes the application of high-throughput sequencing of small RNA analysis of the efficacy of using Ribavirin to eliminate Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1, Grapevine fleck virus and Grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus from Vitis vinifera cv. Riesling. The original plant used for sanitation by Ribavirin treatment was one naturally infected with all the viruses mentioned above as confirmed by RT-PCR.

The importance of dung beetles and arthropod communities on degradation of cattle dung pats in eastern South Dakota.

Background: Dung accumulation in rangelands can suppress plant growth, foul pastures, and increase pest pressure. Here, we describe the arthropod community of dung in eastern South Dakota, and quantify their contributions to dung degradation using an exclusion cage design.

Methods: Various arthropod community and degradation characteristics were measured in caged and uncaged dung pats over time in early and late summer.

Non-target effects of clothianidin on monarch butterflies.

Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) frequently consume milkweed in and near agroecosystems and consequently may be exposed to pesticides like neonicotinoids. We conducted a dose response study to determine lethal and sublethal doses of clothianidin using a 36-h exposure scenario. We then quantified clothianidin levels found in milkweed leaves adjacent to maize fields.

Immunological surveys of diphtheric antitoxic antibodies in some African and Asian countries.

Immunological surveys of diphtheric antitoxic antibodies confirmed the existence of a high circulation of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in some African and Asian countries. The high immunity level in early childhood confirms the well known fact that other forms of diphtheria, in particular the cutaneous forms, participate in the formation of antitoxic antibodies. Immunological surveys can determine relatively exactly the extent of risk of infection in the separate age groups and thus delimit the range of the planned vaccination campaigns.

Immunological surveys of antibodies against B. pertussis and B. parapertussis in some African and Asian countries.

Immunological surveys in African and Asian countries showed a different degree of herd immunity in the respective countries and the circulation of various types of B. pertussis. Antibodies against B.

Serological survey of parainfluenza and parotitis in the population of Czechoslovakia.

A serological survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and age distribution of HI antibodies against M. parainfluenzae type 1, 2, 3 and 4A and against M. parotitis in the population on from 7 regions of the Czech Socialist Republic.