Softening of elastic and viscoelastic properties is independent of overstretch rate in cerebral arteries.

Collagenous soft tissues are frequently injured by supraphysiologic mechanical deformation, leading to measurable changes in both extra-cellular matrix (ECM) structure and mechanical properties. While each of these alterations has been well studied following quasi-static deformation, little is known about the influence of high strain rate. Previous investigations of high-rate ECM alterations found tropocollagen denaturation and fibrillar kinking to be rate dependent.

Tracking and changes in the clustering of physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet, and sleep across childhood and adolescence: A systematic review.

Introduction: Clusters of health behaviors (e.g. physical activity/sedentary behavior/diet/sleep) can exert synergistic influences on health outcomes, such as obesity.

Are associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and obesity-related cancer modified by comparative body weight at age 10 years in the UK Biobank study?

Objective: Adults living with overweight or obesity do not represent a single homogenous group in terms of mortality and disease risks. The aim of our study was to evaluate how the associations of adulthood overweight and obesity with mortality and incident disease are modified by (i.e.

A cross-sectional study assessing barriers and facilitators to the sustainability of physical activity and nutrition interventions in early childhood education and care settings.

Background: Effective evidence-based physical activity and nutrition interventions to prevent overweight and obesity and support healthy child development need to be sustained within Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services. Despite this, little is known about factors that influence sustainability of these programs in ECEC settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the factors related to sustainability of physical activity and nutrition interventions in ECEC settings and examine their association with ECEC service characteristics.

Clusters of diet, physical activity, screen-time and sleep among adolescents and associations with 3-year change in indicators of adiposity.

Background: Clusters of health behaviours could impact changes in adiposity among adolescents over time. This study examines the clustering of screen time, physical activity, dietary behaviours and sleep, and the associations with 3-year changes in indicators of adiposity.

Methods: Data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study were utilised when participants were aged 14 and 17 years respectively.

The impact of early childhood education and care-based interventions on child physical activity, anthropometrics, fundamental movement skills, cognitive functioning, and social-emotional wellbeing: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

This review assessed the effectiveness of ECEC-based interventions to improve child physical activity, and intervention impact on child weight-based anthropometrics, fundamental movement skills (FMS), cognitive functioning, and social-emotional wellbeing. Adverse effects and costs were assessed. Finch et al's 2014 systematic review was updated.

A novel AAV9-dual microRNA-vector targeting in the hippocampus as a treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the most prevalent type of epilepsy in adults. First and subsequent generations of anti-epileptic therapy regimens fail to decrease seizures in a large number of patients suffering from mTLE, leaving surgical ablation of part of the hippocampus as the only therapeutic option to potentially reach seizure freedom. GluK2 has recently been identified as a promising target for the treatment of mTLE using gene therapy.

No evidence that ACE2 or TMPRSS2 drive population disparity in COVID risks.

Early in the SARS-CoV2 pandemic, in this journal, Hou et al. (BMC Med 18:216, 2020) interpreted public genotype data, run through functional prediction tools, as suggesting that members of particular human populations carry potentially COVID-risk-increasing variants in genes ACE2 and TMPRSS2 far more often than do members of other populations. Beyond resting on predictions rather than clinical outcomes, and focusing on variants too rare to typify population members even jointly, their claim mistook a well known artifact (that large samples reveal more of a population's variants than do small samples) as if showing real and congruent population differences for the two genes, rather than lopsided population sampling in their shared source data.

Change in clusters of lifestyle behaviours from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal analysis.

This study aimed to identify changes in clusters of lifestyle behaviours (physical activity, screen time and diet) between the ages of 7 and 14 years, and to examine socio-demographic determinants of changes. Longitudinal analyses were performed on a sample of 9339 children from the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) who had complete data on behaviours of interest at age 7 (wave 4) and 14 years (wave 6). Joint Correspondence Analysis (JCA) and k-means cluster analysis were used to identify clusters of lifestyle behaviours at both time waves.

Measuring air metagenomic diversity in an agricultural ecosystem.

All species shed DNA during life or in death, providing an opportunity to monitor biodiversity via environmental DNA (eDNA). In recent years, combining eDNA, high-throughput sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and increasingly complete sequence databases has promised a non-invasive and non-destructive environmental monitoring tool. Modern agricultural systems are often large monocultures and so are highly vulnerable to disease outbreaks.

Dietary habits across the primary-secondary school transition: A systematic review.

Introduction: The transition to secondary school involves significant changes in children's social and physical environment, which are often accompanied by changes in dietary habits. However, evidence around how dietary habits change during this life-stage transition is variable.

Objective: This review aimed to identify, critically appraise, and summarise the wide-ranging evidence on changes in dietary habits across the primary-secondary school transition.

Mental health in secondary school-aged children with epilepsy and their primary caregivers: A case control study.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and associated factors of mental health problems in secondary school-aged (11-16 years) children with epilepsy and their primary caregivers compared to a control group without epilepsy.

Methods: Children with epilepsy (n = 60), controls (n = 49), and caregivers (n = 60 epilepsy and n = 49 control group) completed a measure of the child's mental health (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ). Primary caregivers in both groups completed a measure of their own mental health (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21; DASS-21).

Integrated Measure of PRogram Element SuStainability in Childcare Settings (IMPRESS-C): development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of sustainability determinants in the early childhood education and care setting.

Background: There is a need for valid and reliable measures of determinants of sustainability of public health interventions in early childhood education and care (ECEC) settings. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric and pragmatic properties of such a measure - the Integrated Measure of PRogram Element SuStainability in Childcare Settings (IMPRESS-C).

Methods: We undertook a two-phase process guided by the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments checklist (COSMIN) and Psychometric and Pragmatic Evidence Rating Scale (PAPERS).

Lestaurtinib's antineoplastic activity converges on JAK/STAT signaling to inhibit advanced forms of therapy resistant ovarian cancer.

Unlabelled: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy, owing to its late-stage diagnosis and high rates of recurrence and resistance following standard-of-care treatment, highlighting the need for novel treatment approaches. Through an unbiased drug screen, we identified the kinase inhibitor, lestaurtinib, as a potent antineoplastic agent for chemotherapy- and PARP-inhibitor (PARPi)-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer cells and patient derived xenografts (PDXs). RNA-sequencing revealed that lestaurtinib potently suppressed JAK/STAT signaling and lestaurtinib efficacy was shown to be directly related to JAK/STAT pathway activity in cell lines and PDX models.

"One size does not fit all" - Barriers to and facilitators of physical activity in adolescents with epilepsy.

Objective: To explore the barriers to physical activity and to identify the support needed to facilitate physical activity in adolescents with epilepsy (AWE).

Methods: AWE (aged 11-16 years) and their caregivers completed survey-based open questions regarding perceived barriers to, and facilitators of physical activity in young people with epilepsy. The responses were analysed using Thematic Analysis.

Region specific anisotropy and rate dependence of Göttingen minipig brain tissue.

Traumatic brain injury is a major cause of morbidity in civilian as well as military populations. Computational simulations of injurious events are an important tool to understanding the biomechanics of brain injury and evaluating injury criteria and safety measures. However, these computational models are highly dependent on the material parameters used to represent the brain tissue.

Amplification of positivity for depression and anxiety: Neural prediction of treatment response.

Psychosocial treatments targeting the positive valence system (PVS) in depression and anxiety demonstrate efficacy in enhancing positive affect (PA), but response to treatment varies. We examined whether individual differences in neural activation to positive and negative valence incentive cues underlies differences in benefitting from a PVS-targeted treatment. Individuals with clinically elevated depression and/or anxiety (N = 88, ages 18 to 55) participated in one of two randomized, waitlist-controlled trials of Amplification of Positivity (AMP; NCT02330627, NCT03196544), a cognitive and behavioral intervention targeting the PVS.

The experiences of cardiac arrest survivors and their key supporters following cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-ethnography.

Aim: To review qualitative studies on the experience of sudden cardiac arrest survival from the perspective of both survivors and their key supporters, including family/close friends.

Methods: A seven-step meta-ethnography and synthesis of qualitative evidence was undertaken, informed by the Meta-Ethnography Reporting Guidelines (eMERGe). Four major databases were searched (Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO; January 1995-January 2022, updated July 2023) for qualitative studies exploring survivors' and/or key supporters' experiences of cardiac arrest survival.

Accelerometer and Survey Assessed Physical Activity in Children With Epilepsy: A Case-Controlled Study.

Purpose: Anecdotal evidence suggests that children with epilepsy (CWE) are limited in the frequency of their daily physical activity (PA). However, there is limited research utilizing device-based measures of PA. We compared levels of PA and sedentary behavior in CWE (11-15 y) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Exploration of the P1 residue in 3CL protease inhibitors leading to the discovery of a 2-tetrahydrofuran P1 replacement.

The virally encoded 3C-like protease (3CL) is a well-validated drug target for the inhibition of coronaviruses including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Most inhibitors of 3CL are peptidomimetic, with a γ-lactam in place of Gln at the P1 position of the pseudopeptide chain. An effort was pursued to identify a viable alternative to the γ-lactam P1 mimetic which would improve physicochemical properties while retaining affinity for the target.

The Effectiveness of Strategies to Improve User Engagement With Digital Health Interventions Targeting Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Overweight and Obesity: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Digital health interventions (DHIs) are effective in improving poor nutrition, physical inactivity, overweight and obesity. There is evidence suggesting that the impact of DHIs may be enhanced by improving user engagement. However, little is known about the overall effectiveness of strategies on engagement with DHIs.

The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in first-episode psychosis.

Aim: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in people with established psychotic disorders, but less is known about vitamin D levels in people with first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in people with FEP and identify the factors associated with vitamin D status.

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial, which included 37 young people with an FEP with minimal antipsychotic medication exposure.

Pain Informed Movement for people with knee osteoarthritis: Protocol for a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Conservative pain management strategies for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) have limited effectiveness and do not employ a pain-mechanism informed approach. Pain Informed Movement is a novel intervention combining mind-body techniques with neuromuscular exercise and pain neuroscience education (PNE), aimed at improving endogenous pain modulation. While the feasibility and acceptability of this program has been previously established, it now requires further evaluation in comparison to standard KOA care.