Dilution Effect of Intra-articular Injection Administered After Knee Arthroscopy.

The hypothesis was that agents delivered intra-articularly after knee arthroscopy will be diluted by residual arthroscopic fluid. Diagnostic arthroscopy was performed on six cadaver knees. Each procedure was followed by an intra-articular injection of a dye solution.

Delayed discharges in an urban in-patient mental health service in England.

Aims and method To describe the clinical and demographic characteristics of all in-patients experiencing delayed discharge over 3 months in an English urban mental health National Health Service trust. We carried out a cross-sectional case record study with care coordinator questionnaire. Results Overall, 67 in-patients with delayed discharge occupied 18.

The role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in cartilage matrix destruction.

Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is a hallmark of osteoarthritis progression; along with the role reactive oxygen species (ROS) may play in this process. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA damage and dysfunction are also present in osteoarthritic chondrocytes. However, there are no studies published investigating the direct relationship between mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial DNA damage, and MMP expression.

A phase 1 study of ACE-536, a regulator of erythroid differentiation, in healthy volunteers.

ACE-536, a recombinant protein containing a modified activin receptor type IIB, is being developed for the treatment of anemias caused by ineffective erythropoiesis, such as thalassemias and myelodysplastic syndromes. ACE-536 acts through a mechanism distinct from erythropoiesis-stimulating agents to promote late-stage erythroid differentiation by binding to transforming growth factor-β superfamily ligands and inhibiting signaling through transcription factors Smad 2/3. The goal of this Phase 1 study was to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects of ascending dose levels of ACE-536 in healthy volunteers.

Joint stability characteristics of the ankle complex after lateral ligamentous injury, part I: a laboratory comparison using arthrometric measurement.

Context: The mechanical property of stiffness may be important to investigating how lateral ankle ligament injury affects the behavior of the viscoelastic properties of the ankle complex. A better understanding of injury effects on tissue elastic characteristics in relation to joint laxity could be obtained from cadaveric study.

Objective: To biomechanically determine the laxity and stiffness characteristics of the cadaver ankle complex before and after simulated injury to the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) during anterior drawer and inversion loading.

Joint stability characteristics of the ankle complex in female athletes with histories of lateral ankle sprain, part II: clinical experience using arthrometric measurement.

Context: This is part II of a 2-part series discussing stability characteristics of the ankle complex. In part I, we used a cadaver model to examine the effects of sectioning the lateral ankle ligaments on anterior and inversion motion and stiffness of the ankle complex. In part II, we wanted to build on and apply these findings to the clinical assessment of ankle-complex motion and stiffness in a group of athletes with a history of unilateral ankle sprain.

Return to Play After Open Bankart Repair: A Systematic Review.

Background: Results of open Bankart repair have been well reported. However, less information is available outlining the timetable for return to play (RTP) in athletes after this procedure.

Purpose: To review the current literature regarding (1) the timetable recommended for athletes to RTP after an open Bankart repair and (2) the objective criteria on which the decision to allow an athlete to RTP is based.

Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity of dalantercept, an activin receptor-like kinase-1 ligand trap, in patients with advanced cancer.

Purpose: The angiogenesis inhibitor dalantercept (formerly ACE-041) is a soluble form of activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) that prevents activation of endogenous ALK1 by bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP9) and BMP10 and exhibits antitumor activity in preclinical models. This first-in-human study of dalantercept evaluated its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and antitumor activity in adults with advanced solid tumors.

Experimental Design: Patients in dose-escalating cohorts received dalantercept subcutaneously at one of seven dose levels (0.

A single ascending-dose study of muscle regulator ACE-031 in healthy volunteers.

Introduction: ACE-031 is a soluble form of activin receptor type IIB (ActRIIB). ACE-031 promotes muscle growth by binding to myostatin and other negative regulators of muscle mass.

Methods: This double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ACE-031 in 48 healthy, postmenopausal women randomized to receive 1 dose of ACE-031 (0.

Modified technique for unipolar allograft ankle replacement: midterm follow-up. A case report.

The management of tibiotalar arthritis remains a clinical challenge. Conventional treatment relies primarily upon arthrodesis or prosthetic arthroplasty. Fresh osteochondral total ankle allograft transplantation has been reported in limited cases.

Apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction in human chondrocytes following exposure to lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine.

Background: Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain toxicity of local anesthetics to chondrocytes, including the blockade of potassium channels and mitochondrial injury. The purposes of this investigation were to study the effects of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine on human chondrocyte viability and mitochondrial function in vitro and to characterize the type of cell death elicited following exposure.

Methods: Primary chondrocyte cultures from patients with osteoarthritis undergoing knee replacement were treated with saline solution and the following concentrations of local anesthetics: 2%, 1%, and 0.

Mitochondrial DNA damage is involved in apoptosis caused by pro-inflammatory cytokines in human OA chondrocytes.

Objective: Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a pivotal role in cartilage destruction during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Additionally, these cytokines are capable to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within chondrocytes. Mitochondrion is a prime target of oxidative damage and an important player in aging and degenerative processes.

Effects of hyaluronic acid on mitochondrial function and mitochondria-driven apoptosis following oxidative stress in human chondrocytes.

Hyaluronic acid is widely used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and exerts significant chondroprotective effects. The exact mechanisms of its chondroprotective action are not yet fully elucidated. Human articular chondrocytes actively produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species capable of causing cellular dysfunction and death.

Survey of short-term oral corticosteroid administration by orthopaedic physicians in college and high school athletes.

The use of oral corticosteroid (OCS) drugs is advocated because of their potent anti-inflammatory effects. They also possess many potential adverse effects. No study has assessed physician prescribing practices of OCS therapy in high school (HS) or college (COL) athletes.

Diminished mitochondrial DNA integrity and repair capacity in OA chondrocytes.

Objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by the failure of chondrocytes to respond to injury and perform the cartilage remodeling process. Human articular chondrocytes actively produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) capable of causing cellular dysfunction and death. A growing body of evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage play a causal role in disorders linked to excessive generation of oxygen free radicals.

Knee and ankle position, anterior drawer laxity, and stiffness of the ankle complex.

Context: Anterior drawer testing of the ankle is commonly used to diagnose lateral ligamentous instability. Our hypothesis was that changing knee and ankle positions would change the stability of the ankle complex during anterior drawer testing.

Objectives: To assess the effects of knee and ankle position on anterior drawer laxity and stiffness of the ankle complex.

Osteoarticular autograft and allograft transplantation of the knee: 3 year follow-up.

Between 1998 and 2001, a total of 48 patients underwent autologous or allograft osteoarticular transplantation with a minimum follow-up of 24 months. Nineteen patients underwent concomitant procedures. Average patient age was 46 years.

The results of arthroscopic versus mini-open repair for rotator cuff tears at mid-term follow-up.

Background: To prospectively evaluate patients who underwent a "mini-open" repair versus a completely arthroscopic technique for small to large size rotator cuff tears.

Methods: Fifty-two patients underwent "mini-open" or all arthroscopic repair of a full thickness tear of the rotator cuff. Patients who complained of shoulder pain and/or weakness and who had failed a minimum of 6 weeks of physical therapy and had at least one sub-acromial injection were surgical candidates.

Transfer of the latissimus dorsi as a salvage procedure for failed debridement and attempted repair of massive rotator cuff tears.

Seven patients who had a previously failed attempt at debridement and repair of a massive rotator cuff tear were managed with latissimus dorsi transfer. Patient age averaged 63 years and average follow-up was 31 months. All patients were evaluated with shoulder radiographs, Constant and Murley Scores, UCLA Shoulder Score, visual analog pain score, range of motion, and the Short Shoulder Form.

Quantitation of five nevirapine oxidative metabolites in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

A multiple-reaction-monitoring LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of nevirapine oxidative metabolites, 2-hydroxynevirapine, 3-hydroxynevirapine, 8-hydroxynevirapine, 12-hydroxynevirapine, and 4-carboxynevirapine, in human plasma was developed and validated. The metabolites were isolated from 50 microL heparinized plasma by enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucuronide conjugates to the free metabolite followed by protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Peaks were quantitated at 3.

Viscoelastic studies of human subscapularis tendon: relaxation test and a Wiechert model.

Numerical techniques such as the finite element method employ the material constitutive laws for their analysis. With regards to finite element analysis involving viscoelastic solids, the Generalized Standard Linear Solid (Wiechert) model has been a popular choice among available constitutive laws. Although numerous models have been developed to specifically describe the viscoelastic behavior of tendons and ligaments, most of them have not been implemented in commercial finite element packages.