A Review on Development of Bio-Inspired Implants Using 3D Printing.

Biomimetics is an emerging field of science that adapts the working principles from nature to fine-tune the engineering design aspects to mimic biological structure and functions. The application mainly focuses on the development of medical implants for hard and soft tissue replacements. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing is an established processing norm with a superior resolution and control over process parameters than conventional methods and has allowed the incessant amalgamation of biomimetics into material manufacturing, thereby improving the adaptation of biomaterials and implants into the human body.

An overview of bio-actuation in collagen hydrogels: a mechanobiological phenomenon.

Due to their congruity with the native extracellular matrix and their ability to assist in soft tissue repair, hydrogels have been touted as a matrix mimicking biomaterial. Hydrogels are one of the prevalent scaffolds used for 3D cell culture. They can exhibit actuation in response to various stimuli like a magnetic field, electric field, mechanical force, temperature, or pH.

Hydrothermal treatment of etched titanium: A potential surface nano-modification technique for enhanced biocompatibility.

Nanoengineering the topology of titanium (Ti) implants has the potential to enhance cytocompability and biocompatibility properties as implant surfaces play a decisive role in determining clinical success. Despite developments in various surface engineering strategies, antibacterial properties of Ti still need to be enhanced. Here a facile, cost-effective hydrothermal route was used to develop nano-patterned structures on a Ti surface.

A Facile Approach to Fabricate Dual Purpose Hybrid Materials for Tissue Engineering and Water Remediation.

Creating hybrid materials with multifunctionality and robust mechanical stability from natural resources is a challenging proposition in materials science. Here, we report the scalable synthesis of hybrid collagen scaffolds using collagen extracted from leather industry wastes and sago starch derived from agro-industry. The hybrid scaffolds were incorporated with TiO nanoparticles and cross-linked with oxidized sago starch.

Axial Suspension Plasma Spraying: An ultimate technique to tailor Ti6Al4V surface with HAp for orthopaedic applications.

Dissolution of atmospheric plasma sprayed (APS) hydroxyapatite (HAp) coatings on Ti-6Al-4 V medical implants have always been a challenge to overcome in the field of biomedical industry. In the present work, an attempt has been made to develop a HAp coating using a novel thermal spray process called axial suspension plasma spraying (SPS), which leads to thin adherent coatings. Two HAp coatings fabricated by APS (P1 and P2) and four SPS HAp coatings (S1, S2, S3 and S4) produced with varying spraying parameters were characterized in terms of (1) microstructure, porosity, hardness, adhesion strength, contact angle and phase purity; (2) corrosion resistance in 10% Fetal bovine serum (FBS); (3) in-vitro cell adherence and cell viability using human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).

Studies on Mechanical, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Activity of Plasma Sprayed Nano/Micron Ceramic Bilayered Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy for Biomedical Application.

Ceramic oxides such as alumina and zirconia are used to fabricate dental and orthopedic implants. However, their usage is limited as they fail due to low fracture toughness. To overcome this issue, ceramic coatings on metallic implants is attempted to have a combined effect of ceramics and metallic materials.