Hypoglycemia in Children Referred to a Tertiary Care Pediatric Endocrine Clinic: Age-Dependent Etiological Variations.

Introduction: Diagnosing hypoglycemia in infants and children presents significant challenges. Our objective was to elucidate the diagnoses and clinical features of children with hypoglycemia referred to a pediatric endocrine tertiary clinic.

Methods: Retrospective study of 154 children (0-18 years old) presenting with hypoglycemia, during 1992-2018.

Comparison of Commonly Used Methods to Predict the Final Height in Constitutional Tall Stature.

Objective: To determine the accuracy of adult height prediction in children with constitutional tall stature.

Methods: The medical records of 138 non-syndromatic prepubertal and early pubertal children (52 male, 86 female) with a height of ≥90 percentile born between the years 1975 and 1988 were included in this study. Using the Bayley-Pinneau (BP) and Tanner-Whitehouse I (TWI) prediction methods, their height standard deviation score (SDS) at referral was compared with their height SDS at age 17 years when measured at the IDF conscription center.

Health and Lifestyle of Adult Patients with Congenital Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency Treated in Childhood.

Background: Treatment of patients with childhood growth hormone deficiency is usually terminated at the end of puberty. Follow-up into adult age is rare, even more so in patients with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency (cIGHD).

Objectives: To assess the clinical and social characteristics of adults with cIGHD who received growth hormone (hGH) treatment in childhood.

The second to fourth digit ratio in patients with congenital IGF-1 Deficiency.

The relationship between the length of the second and fourth ring finger (2D:4D ratio) is a sexually dimorphic trait, higher in females than in males. It is established during early prenatal development under the influence of sex hormones, as demonstrated in numerous studies both in humans and in mice. The current study involves patients with congenital GH/IGF-1 deficiency, a population not yet investigated.

The relationship between serum levels of prolactin and growth hormone in the early postnatal period.

BackgroundIn the neonatal period, the pituitary hormones including prolactin (PRL) and human growth hormone (hGH) are secreted in high amounts due to immature feedback mechanisms. As both hormones are secreted in part by the same somatomammotrophic cells, we investigated their relationship in newborns with respect to sex, gestational week, method of delivery, and anthropometric data.MethodsThe serum levels of PRL and hGH were measured in blood drawn from 225 newborns.

Genetic Mutations, Birth Lengths, Weights and Head Circumferences of Children with IGF-I Receptor Defects. Comparison with other Congenital Defects in the GH/IGF-I axis.

Background: In recent years more and more genetic defects along the GHRH-GH-IGF-I axis have been reported. Mutations of the IGF-I receptor (R) are a rare abnormality of whom only the heterozygote progenies survive.

Objectives: To summarize, from the literature, data on birth length, weight and head circumference of neonates with IGF-I-R mutations, and to correlate the data with that of other types of mutations in the GH/IGF-I axis.

Growth, development, puberty and adult height of patients with congenital multiple pituitary hormone deficiencies.

Objective: Congenital MPHD is a rare condition caused by mutations in pituitary transcription factors genes: PROP1, POU1F1 (PIT1), HESX1, LHX3, LHX4.

Design: We evaluated in a retrospective study the effects on growth and development in 29 patients with congenital MPHD (cMPHD), during hGH replacement therapy alone and combined with sex hormones. Twenty nine patients with cMPHD were included and diagnosed, treated and followed in our clinic from diagnosis to adult age.

Triglyceride levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal large study.

The relationship between triglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus remains unclear. This study evaluated the risk of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose associated with a wide range of triglyceride levels. A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out employing data from a screening center between the years 2000 and 2012.

Growth, development, puberty and adult height before and during treatment in children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency.

Objective: To describe the growth, development and puberty in children with congenital IGHD before and during hGH treatment.

Subjects: Patients with cIGHD treated by hGH between the years 1958-1992.

Setting: All patients were diagnosed, treated and followed in our clinic.

Biphasic response of subscapular skinfold thickness to hGH or IGF-1 administration to patients with congenital IGHD, congenital MPHD and Laron syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate changes in adiposity in congenital GH/IGF-1 deficient children during hGH or IGF-1 treatment.

Subjects And Methods: 27 children with congenital isolated growth hormone deficiency (cIGHD) treated with hGH for 2.5-€“15.

Foot length before and during insulin-like growth factor-I treatment of children with laron syndrome compared to human growth hormone treatment of children with isolated growth hormone deficiency.

Objective: To compare foot length deficits between patients with Laron syndrome (LS) (primary growth hormone [GH] insensitivity) and congenital isolated GH deficiency (IGHD) and their response to replacement therapy with insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and hGH, respectively.

Design: Data for the study were collected from the records of nine children with LS (3 M, 6 F) 7.8 +/- 4.

Bedside neuropathy disability score compared to quantitative sensory testing for measurement of diabetic neuropathy in children, adolescents, and young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Background: While regular yearly screening for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy is well established in patients with diabetes mellitus, there are no standardized diagnostic tests for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In the present study, we compared the bedside neuropathy disability score (NDS) with quantitative sensory testing (QST) for screening for DPN in youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: One hundred sixty-six patients aged 10 to 34 years (median 21 years) were evaluated for DPN by the NDS and QST.

Body composition in untreated adult patients with Laron syndrome (primary GH insensitivity).

Objective: To quantify body adiposity and its distribution in untreated adult patients with Laron syndrome (LS; primary GH insensitivity) caused by molecular defects of the GH receptor gene or postreceptor pathways and characterized by dwarfism, obesity, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia.

Patients: Eleven LS patients (seven females and four males) aged 28-53 years were studied. Seven healthy males and six healthy females served as controls.

Insulinlike growth factor I affects ocular development: a study of untreated and treated patients with Laron syndrome.

Objective: To evaluate the ocular dimensions in patients with primary growth hormone receptor insensitivity (Laron syndrome [LS]) and to study the effect of supplemental insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) on ocular growth.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Twelve patients with LS, 8 untreated (LS group) and 4 treated (LS-T group) with supplemental IGF-I, and 30 healthy controls.

Glycemic patterns detected by continuous subcutaneous glucose sensing in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus treated by multiple daily injections vs continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.

Objective: To compare glycemic patterns by mode of therapy in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus using the Continuous Glucose Monitoring System (CGMS).

Design: Open randomized crossover comparing 3(1/2) months of multiple daily injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).

Setting: Tertiary care, university-affiliated medical center.

Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection regimens in children with type 1 diabetes: a randomized open crossover trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and feasibility of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) in children with type 1 diabetes.

Methods: The study sample included 23 children (10 males) aged 9.4 to 13.

Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I deficiency and replacement therapy on the hematopoietic system in patients with Laron syndrome (primary growth hormone insensitivity).

Background: Primary insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) deficiencies, such as in Laron syndrome (LS), are a unique model in man to study the consequences resulting from defects in growth hormone (GH) signal transmission.

Objective: To assess retrospectively the effect of IGF-I deficiency and its therapy on the various cells of the hematopoietic system as reflected by peripheral blood counts.

Patients And Methods: Two groups of patients were studied.

Decreased cortisol secretion in nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency before and during glucocorticoid therapy.

Objective: The cortisol response in patients with nonclassical 21-hydroxylase deficiency (NC21OHD) was assessed before and during hydrocortisone therapy and the findings were related to genotype.

Design: Comparative study.

Methods: The study sample comprised 41 patients (10 males) with NC21OHD, divided into two groups according to the genetic analysis of the CYP21 gene: Group A carried two mild mutations (n = 29), and Group B were compound heterozygotes for one mild and one severe mutation (n = 12).