Implementing Silent Disco Headphones in a Hospital Unit: A Qualitative Study of Feasibility, Acceptance, and Experience Among Patients and Staff.

Introduction: Music is so widely available and inexpensive in the modern world; it is a common option for stress reduction, comfort and enjoyment. Silent disco headphones are used among young people; however, no study has yet investigated whether it is feasible to use these headphones to support mental health and well-being among older people with dementia in hospital settings.

Objective: The study's main objective is to explore whether music delivered by silent disco headphones was feasible and acceptable to a sample of inpatients staying in an older adult mental health unit of a large urban hospital.

Towards single-chip radiofrequency signal processing via acoustoelectric electron-phonon interactions.

The addition of active, nonlinear, and nonreciprocal functionalities to passive piezoelectric acoustic wave technologies could enable all-acoustic and therefore ultra-compact radiofrequency signal processors. Toward this goal, we present a heterogeneously integrated acoustoelectric material platform consisting of a 50 nm indium gallium arsenide epitaxial semiconductor film in direct contact with a 41° YX lithium niobate piezoelectric substrate. We then demonstrate three of the main components of an all-acoustic radiofrequency signal processor: passive delay line filters, amplifiers, and circulators.

Resonantly Enhanced Second-Harmonic Generation Using III-V Semiconductor All-Dielectric Metasurfaces.

Nonlinear optical phenomena in nanostructured materials have been challenging our perceptions of nonlinear optical processes that have been explored since the invention of lasers. For example, the ability to control optical field confinement, enhancement, and scattering almost independently allows nonlinear frequency conversion efficiencies to be enhanced by many orders of magnitude compared to bulk materials. Also, the subwavelength length scale renders phase matching issues irrelevant.

Implant complications: risk evaluation, diagnosis, management and outcomes.

Dental implants and their restorations have become an accepted and predictable modality of treatment. The literature reflects excellent long-term survival rates. However, survival of an implant does not necessarily translate to success, and in between these two outcomes lies the world of implant complications.

Addressing symptoms but not causes: stabilisation and humanitarian action in Timor-Leste.

Asia's newest nation--Timor-Leste--has an unenviable track record of two Australian-led military stabilisation missions, five United Nations (UN) missions, and a vast humanitarian and international response over the course of the past decade. Two distinct approaches to stabilisation can be observed on this small half-island. The first is a 'security-first' approach, where development activities are complementary and serve to support security sector assistance, while the second emphasises traditional development activities and institution-building as the foundation for a stable country.

Management of fused supernumerary teeth in children using guided tissue regeneration: long-term follow up of 2 cases.

Surgical separation of supernumerary teeth fused to permanent incisor teethhas typically given rise to residual post surgical periodontal defects, induding loss of attachment and deep periodontal pocketing with persistent inflammation. Other complications include devitalisation of the retained tooth section, ankylosis, external and replacement resorption. A unique technique of using guided tissue regeneration has been successfully employed to promote periodontal healing, after 2 cases of surgical removal of a supernumerary tooth fused to a permanent maxillary lateral incisor tooth.

Attitudes to cross-infection measures of UK and Hong Kong patients.

The knowledge and attitudes of dental patients in the UK and Hong Kong towards aspects of cross-infection control have been surveyed. Almost all patients expected dentists to wear protective gloves but only 73% and 40% expected dental staff to wear protective face masks and spectacles respectively. Most patients were aware that such measures were for the benefit of both dental staff and patients.

Elevated rectal temperature produced by all-night bright light is reversed by melatonin infusion in men.

Early morning rectal body temperature is lowest when melatonin levels are highest in humans. Although pharmacological doses of melatonin are hypothermic in humans, the relationship between endogenous melatonin and temperature level has not been investigated. We measured rectal body temperature in nine normal men whose melatonin levels were suppressed by all-night sleep deprivation in bright light and compared values with those seen in sleep in the dark, sleep deprivation in dim light (to control for the stimulatory effect of wakefulness on temperature), and sleep deprivation in bright light with an infusion of exogenous melatonin that replicated endogenous levels.

Sleep deprivation reduces LH secretion in men independently of melatonin.

Melatonin affects gonadal function in non-primate mammals. Confirmatory data in man are not available. We assessed melatonin's acute effects on luteinizing hormone secretion in 17 normal men.

Supplemental growth hormone alters body composition, muscle protein metabolism and serum lipids in fit adults: characterization of dose-dependent and response-recovery effects.

Using double-blind, placebo-controlled procedures, the effects of low and high therapeutic dosages of methionyl-human growth hormone (met-hGH) on body composition, muscle protein metabolism and serum lipids were studied in 7 fit adults without growth hormone (GH) deficiency. Dose-dependent changes in body composition were observed that in part appeared to be influenced by a response-recovery effect, as measured by responses factored according to the duration of washout between exposure to the low and high dosages of met-hGH (6 weeks vs. 12 weeks vs.

Increase in plasma melatonin, beta-endorphin, and cortisol after a 28.5-mile mountain race: relationship to performance and lack of effect of naltrexone.

Strenuous exercise increases plasma melatonin, cortisol, and beta-endorphin concentrations. Furthermore, a relationship between endogenous opioids and melatonin has been proposed. We measured plasma melatonin, cortisol, and beta-endorphin in 46 subjects before and after a 28.

Questionnaire assessment of lifetime and recent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

In a sample of 149 adult nonsmokers recruited in New Mexico in 1986, the authors assessed the reliability of questionnaire responses on lifetime exposure to tobacco smoke in the home. They also compared urinary cotinine levels with questionnaire reports of environmental tobacco smoke exposure during the previous 24 hours. The agreement of responses obtained on two occasions within six months was high for parental smoking during childhood: 94% for the mother and 93% for the father.

Augmented pituitary corticotropin response to a threshold dosage of human corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressives pretreated with metyrapone.

We studied pituitary corticotropin response to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone infusion and attempted to control for the confounding effect of variable serum cortisol levels between depressed and control subjects. If metyrapone was given during the time of day when hypothalamic pituitary adrenal activity was otherwise low, the relative increase in the corticotropin concentration was small. Pituitary response to exogenous corticotropin-releasing hormone can be defined under conditions in which the amount of glucocorticoid-mediated negative feedback present at the level of the pituitary gland is equal in all subjects.

Lack of an acute modulatory effect of melatonin on human nocturnal thyrotropin and cortisol secretion.

Using a recently developed model for investigating the neuroendocrine role of melatonin in man, we studied melatonin's effect on the nocturnal secretion of thyrotropin and cortisol in 17 normal male volunteers. The model consists of sleep in the dark and all-night sleep deprivation in conditions of: bright light with and without a melatonin infusion, and dim light. We have improved our infusion paradigm so that levels of melatonin during infusion are now indistinguishable from those occurring during sleep in the dark or dim light sleep deprivation.

Body composition response to exogenous GH during training in highly conditioned adults.

The effects of biosynthetic methionyl-human growth hormone (met-hGH) on body composition and endogenous secretion of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were studied in eight well-trained exercising adults between 22 and 33 yr of age. By the use of double-blind procedures, met-hGH (2.67 mg/0.

Discrepancies between self-reported and validated cigarette smoking in a community survey of New Mexico Hispanics.

In a population-based survey of respiratory disease in New Mexico Hispanics, we validated self-reports of cigarette use by 1,317 subjects against salivary cotinine level and end-tidal carbon monoxide concentration. For identifying likely deceivers about cigarette smoking among self-reported never smokers and former smokers, we used cutoff values of 20 ng/ml and 8 parts per million (ppm) for salivary cotinine and carbon monoxide, respectively. Among males and females, age-standardized prevalences of current smokers based upon questionnaire reports were 30.

Prolactin, cortisol, and antidepressant treatment.

In four depressed patients with abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results before treatment, plasma prolactin levels significantly increased after successful amitriptyline therapy. Such an increase did not take place in five depressed patients with normal dexamethasone suppression test findings.

Effects of bromocriptine on sweat gland function during heat acclimatization.

This study examined the involvement of the hormones aldosterone and prolactin in sweat gland function during heat acclimatization. Two groups of male subjects (n = 8) were tested - one receiving a placebo (control), the other receiving bromocriptine. Both groups performed cycle ergometer exercise at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake over 10 consecutive days in an environmental chamber maintained at 39 degrees C and 30% relative humidity.

Exogenous growth hormone treatment alters body composition and increases natural killer cell activity in women with impaired endogenous growth hormone secretion.

In order to assess the potential relationship between human growth hormone (GH) and body composition (BC) and natural immunity (NI), we measured the effects of exogenous GH on fat weight (FW), fat-free weight (FFW), and the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells in women with impaired GH secretion. Mean peak serum concentrations of GH in response to L-dopa/arginine stimulation were 6.2 +/- 1.

Hyperhydration with glycerol solutions.

Glycerol was tested as an agent to promote hyperhydration of male and female subjects. Series I experiments involved ingesting 0.5, 1.

A model for the study of the acute effects of melatonin in man.

The role of the pineal hormone melatonin in human physiology is uncertain. Previous studies correlated plasma melatonin levels with several physiological parameters or determined the responses to pharmacological doses of melatonin during daylight hours. We established an acute model that is more rigorously physiological.

Absence of differential inhibition of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin by low and high dose aspirin in coronary artery disease.

This study assessed the effect of low (40 mg) and high (324 mg) single dose aspirin on cardiac release of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin as assessed by measurement of coronary sinus levels of metabolites in patients with coronary artery disease. Measurements were done in the resting state and in the presence of pacing stress prior to and 24 h after aspirin administration. There was no consistent response in prostaglandin release under conditions of tachycardia stress as compared to control.

Salivary cotinine levels and involuntary tobacco smoke exposure in children and adults in New Mexico.

We conducted a population-based household survey of respiratory disease in 2,029 children and adults and measured salivary cotinine levels by radioimmunoassay in 1,360 nonsmokers and ex-smokers. At all ages median and mean cotinine levels among nonsmokers and ex-smokers increased with the number of smokers in the home. The prevalence of a detectable level of cotinine was about 35% for those not living with a cigarette smoker and was greater with the number of cigarettes smoked by household members.

Site of inhibitory action of CRE 9-41 on ACTH release from isolated rat pituitary cells.

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) analog CRF 9-41 inhibits CRF, but not forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, stimulated release of ACTH from isolated pituitary cells. CRF 9-41 also blocks CRF-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP in a parallel dose dependent fashion. CRF 9-41 has no effect on basal ACTH release or cAMP levels.