An exploratory clinical trial of preoperative non-invasive localization before breast-conserving surgery using augmented reality technology.

Purpose: This single-center, randomized, prospective, exploratory clinical trial was conducted to assess the clinical efficacy of an augmented reality (AR)-based breast cancer localization imaging solution for patients with breast cancer.

Methods: This clinical trial enrolled 20 women who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between the ages of 19 and 80, had a single lesion with a diameter ≥ 5 mm but ≤ 30 mm, had no metastases to other organs, and had not received prior chemotherapy. All patients underwent mammography, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging for preoperative assessment.

Association of Autologous Tumor Lysate-Loaded Dendritic Cell Vaccination With Extension of Survival Among Patients With Newly Diagnosed and Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Phase 3 Prospective Externally Controlled Cohort Trial.

Importance: Glioblastoma is the most lethal primary brain cancer. Clinical outcomes for glioblastoma remain poor, and new treatments are needed.

Objective: To investigate whether adding autologous tumor lysate-loaded dendritic cell vaccine (DCVax-L) to standard of care (SOC) extends survival among patients with glioblastoma.

Trends in the Regulation of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS): A Scoping Review.

Products containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been used for decades in industrial and consumer products. These compounds are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulative, and some are toxic to humans and other animals. Since the early 2000s, laws, policies, and regulations have been implemented to reduce the prevalence of PFAS in the environment and exposures to PFAS.

Comparison of the Marginal Utility and Disease Burden of Hearing Loss and Other Chronic Diseases.

Background: Compared with other chronic diseases, hearing loss is generally overlooked from the perspective of disease burden. However, hearing loss is emerging as an important issue in the current society. The objective of this study was to investigate disease burdens and marginal utilities associated with hearing loss and other chronic diseases.

Ibrutinib Unmasks Critical Role of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase in Primary CNS Lymphoma.

Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) links the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and Toll-like receptors with NF-κB. The role of BTK in primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) is unknown. We performed a phase I clinical trial with ibrutinib, the first-in-class BTK inhibitor, for patients with relapsed or refractory CNS lymphoma.

Infrastructure for new models of care.

The NHS is costing the taxpayer 2.5 times more than it did 50 years ago. Now accounting for 8.

Impact of bevacizumab administered dose on overall survival of patients with progressive glioblastoma.

Bevacizumab (BEV, Avastin(®)) produces durable objective radiological responses of 20-26 %, median response durations of 16-18 weeks, and median overall survival (mOS) of 31-40 weeks. While the use of BEV is well-established, the lack of dose-response studies in glioblastoma (GBM) patients raises the question whether current dosing practice is optimal. As a result of differing approaches to BEV dosing that ranged from the FDA approved package insert dose of 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks to 7.

Toward a greater understanding of the emotional dynamics of the mortality salience manipulation: revisiting the "affect-free" claim of terror management research.

The experimental manipulation of mortality salience (MS) represents one of the most widely used methodological procedures in social psychology, having been employed by terror management researchers in hundreds of studies over the last 20 years. One of the more provocative conclusions regarding this task is that it does not produce any reliable changes in self-reported affect, a view that we refer to as the affect-free claim. After reviewing 336 published studies that used the standard version of the MS task, we suggest that the evidence on which this claim is based may be less definitive than is commonly supposed.

Outcomes from the first assisted reproduction program for HIV-serodiscordant couples in Australia.

Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes for all HIV-serodiscordant couples attending an assisted reproduction program.

Design, Setting And Participants: Retrospective review of demographic, clinical and outcome data for all HIV-serodiscordant couples who attended an assisted reproduction program at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne, between its commencement in 2003 and June 2010.

Main Outcome Measures: Pregnancies, miscarriages, births, HIV transmission to the HIV-negative partner, semen quality and detection of HIV (HIV RNA and HIV DNA) in semen.

Role of bevacizumab therapy in the management of glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma is one of the most common primary brain tumors and one of the most difficult to treat. In population-based studies only 30% of patients will survive 1 year and in the most efficacious surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy clinical trials approximately 20% will live 2 years. Bevacizumab is a recombinant, antivascular epidermal growth factor receptor (VEGF) monoclonal antibody with 6 VEGF-binding residues that binds to VEGF, preventing VEGF from binding to its target, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2, on endothelial cells.

Phase II study of bevacizumab plus temozolomide during and after radiation therapy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme.

Purpose: This open-label, prospective, multicenter single-arm phase II study combined bevacizumab (BV) with radiation therapy (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ) for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). The objectives were to determine the efficacy of this treatment combination and the associated toxicity.

Patients And Methods: Seventy patients with newly diagnosed GBM were enrolled between August 2006 and November 2008.

Validation of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor as a therapeutic target in renal cancer.

Purpose: Expression of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) confers adverse prognosis in clear cell renal cell cancer (CC-RCC). We recently showed that IGF1R expression is inhibited by the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, and the IGF1R is up-regulated in CC-RCC, in which VHL is frequently inactivated. We tested the hypothesis that IGF1R up-regulation mediates resistance to cancer therapeutics, evaluating the effects of IGF1R depletion on sensitivity to cytotoxic drugs, which are ineffective in RCC, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin, analogues of which have clinical activity in this tumor.

Synthesis of A83586C analogs with potent anticancer and beta-catenin/ TCF4/osteopontin inhibitory effects and insights into how A83586C modulates E2Fs and pRb.

The synthesis of three potent new antitumor agents is described: the A83586C-citropeptin hybrid (1), the A83586C-GE3 hybrid (2), and l-Pro-A83586C (3). Significantly, compounds 1 and 2 function as highly potent inhibitors of beta-catenin/TCF4 signaling within cancer cells, while simultaneously downregulating osteopontin (Opn) expression. A83586C antitumor cyclodepsipeptides also inhibit E2F-mediated transcription by downregulating E2F1 expression and inducing dephosphorylation of the oncogenic hyperphosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb).

Study of radiolabeled indium-111 and yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in primary central nervous system lymphoma.

Background: Therapeutic options for refractory or recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) are limited. The blood-brain barrier makes many agents used in systemic lymphomas ineffective in CNS lymphomas. The objective of this study was to determine whether intravenous radioimmunotherapy using anti-CD20 antibody can be delivered to PCNSL.

Capecitabine therapy of central nervous system metastases from breast cancer.

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases from breast cancer carry a poor prognosis. Systemic chemotherapy is often ineffective due to the impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and inherent chemoresistance of CNS metastases. There are limited data supporting the use of capecitabine in this setting.

Chemotherapy and the treatment of brain metastases.

Brain metastases have traditionally been treated with a surgical or radiotherapeutic approach. Chemotherapy is used occasionally as salvage therapy. The blood-brain barrier excludes most chemotherapeutic agents, rendering many systemic options ineffective within the CNS.

Emergency ultrasound credentialling for focused assessment sonography in trauma and abdominal aortic aneurysm: A practical approach for Australasia.

Objective: Focused assessment with sonography for trauma and emergency ultrasound for abdominal aortic aneurysm are now practiced widely by non-radiologists in emergency departments worldwide. Various credentialling programs have been proposed for novice sonographers; however, their feasibility has been questioned. We adopted the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) credentialling process for emergency ultrasound to determine whether it is feasible for emergency physicians in the Australasian environment.

Effect of flock age, length of egg storage, and frequency of turning during storage on hatchability of broiler hatching eggs.

Broiler hatching eggs from two young (30 and 31 wk) or two old (52 and 53 wk) breeder flocks were stored for 3, 7, or 14 d at 18 C and 75% RH while being turned 0, 4, or 24 times per day in two experiments. Apparent fertility and hatchability of total eggs differed with flock age in both experiments, but the effect was greater in Experiment 1. Hatchability of total and fertile eggs were decreased with flock age in Experiment 1 (31 and 52 wk flocks), but only hatchability of total eggs was decreased in Experiment 2.

Effects of relative humidity during the last five days of incubation and brooding temperature on performance of broiler chicks from young broiler breeders.

Broiler hatching eggs were subjected to one RH condition (53% RH) from 0 to 16 d and switched to one of three different RH conditions (43, 53, or 63%) from transfer at 16 d to pull time at 21.67 d of incubation. The broiler breeder ages were 27, 29, and 31 wk for Trial 1, and 26, 28, and 30 wk for Trial 2 in Experiment 1.

The 121 amino acid isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor is more strongly tumorigenic than other splice variants in vivo.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to occur as at least six differentially spliced variants, giving rise to mature isoforms containing 121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206 amino acids. However, little is yet known concerning the in vivo activities of this differential splicing. Stably transfected MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells were constructed that secreted comparable amounts of the 121, 165 or 189 isoforms.

Effects of relative humidity during incubation on hatchability and body weight of broiler chicks from young breeder flocks.

We conducted an experiment to determine the effect of relative humidity (RH) during incubation on characteristics of hatched chicks from eggs produced by young broiler breeders. Eggs were collected for 6 consecutive d, every other week, in each of two trials from broiler breeder flocks at 26, 28, and 30 wk of age. The eggs were randomly distributed in machines according to RH treatments that were 43, 53, and 63% RH from set to pulling time at 21.