Mosaic fungal individuals have the potential to evolve within a single generation.

Although cells of mushroom-producing fungi typically contain paired haploid nuclei (n + n), most Armillaria gallica vegetative cells are uninucleate. As vegetative nuclei are produced by fusions of paired haploid nuclei, they are thought to be diploid (2n). Here we report finding haploid vegetative nuclei in A.

Haploid vegetative mycelia of Armillaria gallica show among-cell-line variation for growth and phenotypic plasticity.

Vegetative mycelial cells of Armillaria are expected to have diploid nuclei. Cells from a single mycelium therefore would not be expected to differ from one another for ecologically relevant quantitative traits. We isolated two sets of basidiome cell lines (from spores and stipe cells) and one set of vegetative cell lines (from an attached rhizomorph) from a single contiguous Armillaria gallica mycelium.

Phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary potential in somatic cells of Armillaria gallica.

Somatic cells of Armillaria gallica fruit bodies have been shown to possess different genotypes for molecular-marker and mating-type loci. Here we report experiments on six quantitative traits and demonstrate that somatic cells of fruit bodies possess almost as much genetic variation for growth rate and phenotypic plasticity as do spores, the products of meiosis. Genetically distinct somatic cells therefore have the potential to grow at different rates relative to one another during primordial fruit body formation.

A genetic mosaic in the fruiting stage of Armillaria gallica.

The basidiome stage of Armillaria gallica can be a genetic mosaic. Ten cells isolated from a single basidiome in 1986 produced nine different genotypes when analyzed for variation at six nuclear loci. Four additional basidiomes collected in 1986 produced mosaic patterns when analyzed for variation at a single nuclear (PCR-RFLP) locus.

Tissue chromium exchange in the rat.

This study of chromium (Cr) exchange in the rat combined measurements of 51Cr distribution and tissue Cr content to permit an assessment of tissue Cr exchange under control conditions and during varied Cr intakes. Liver Cr was found to be 50 to 100% exchangeable whereas pancreas Cr was only 34% exchangeable. In kidney, the specific activity of 51Cr exceeded that of serum by more than 100%, indicating a complex type of exchange involving both a rapidly exchanging Cr pool and an "inner" Cr pool with "sink-like" characteristics.

Radiochromium distribution in thyroid and parathyroid deficiency.

Body retention and tissue distribution of a 51chromium (Cr) tracer were studied in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats and in TPTX rats after replacement with thyroxin, calcitonin, or parathyroid hormone. A tracer dose containing 1 ng Cr or less and 0.5 to 0.

Radiochromium distribution in hypophysectomized and adrenalectomized rats.

The effects of hypophyseal and adrenal ablation (HYPOX, ADX) on trivalent radiochromium (51Cr) distribution and of GH and T4 replacement in HYPOX rats were determined. Hypophysectomy increased body retention of 51Cr by 20--35%, and hormonal replacement restored body retention to normal. Serum 51Cr was increased 300--800%, resulting in depressed tissue to serum 51Cr ratios.

Automated analysis of hydroxyproline with elimination of non-specific reacting substances.

A modified urinary hydroxyproline method is presented which utilizes an automated technique, Technicon instrumentation and Ehrlich's reagent. Acid hydrolysates are neutralized automatically. Non-specific reacting substances are determined simultaneously with each sample and subtracted as a blank.