The association of type 2 diabetes-related characteristics with fracture risk at different sites.

Aim: To determine the association of diabetes-related characteristics with fractures at different sites in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials And Methods: We conducted a cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD. Patients aged over 30 years with T2D were identified within the CPRD.

Incretin-based therapy and the risk of diabetic foot ulcers and related events.

Aim: To investigate the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4-Is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) on diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) and DFU-related outcomes (lower limb amputation [LLA], DFU-related hospitalization and mortality).

Methods: We performed a cohort study with data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database with linkage to hospital data. We included people with type 2 diabetes starting treatment with metformin.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) have a direct cardiac effect that is likely to be independent of its glucose lowering renal effect. Previous research has shown that SGLT2-is mitigate heart failure and prevent arrhythmic cardiac death. Our objective is to determine whether SGLT-2is reduce atrial fibrillation (AF) in comparison to other second-to third-line antidiabetic drugs in type 2 diabetes.

Within-episode repeat antibiotic prescriptions in patients with respiratory tract infections: A population-based cohort study.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship interventions mainly focus on initial antibiotic prescriptions, with few considering within-episode repeat prescriptions. We aimed to describe the magnitude, type and determinants of within-episode repeat antibiotic prescriptions in patients presenting to primary care with respiratory tract infections (RTIs).

Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study among 530 sampled English general practices within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Fracture patterns and associated risk factors in pediatric and early adulthood type 1 diabetes: Findings from a nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: People with pediatric and early adulthood type 1 diabetes (T1D) might have a higher fracture risk at several sites compared to the general population. Therefore, we assessed the hazard ratios (HR) of various fracture sites and determined the risk factors associated with fractures among people with newly diagnosed childhood and adolescence T1D.

Methods: All people from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (1987-2017), below 20 years of age with a T1D diagnosis code (n = 3100) and a new insulin prescription, were included and matched 1:1 by sex, age, and practice to a control without diabetes.

Cross-Regional Data Initiative for the Assessment and Development of Treatment for Neurological and Mental Disorders.

Purpose: To describe and categorize detailed components of databases in the Neurological and Mental Health Global Epidemiology Network (NeuroGEN).

Methods: An online 132-item questionnaire was sent to key researchers and data custodians of NeuroGEN in North America, Europe, Asia and Oceania. From the responses, we assessed data characteristics including population coverage, data follow-up, clinical information, validity of diagnoses, medication use and data latency.

Incidence and individual risk prediction of post-COVID-19 cardiovascular disease in the general population: a multivariable prediction model development and validation study.

Aims: Previous studies suggest relatively increased cardiovascular risk after COVID-19 infection. This study assessed incidence and explored individual risk and timing of cardiovascular disease occurring post-COVID-19 in a large primary care database.

Methods And Results: Data were extracted from the UK's Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Fracture patterns in adult onset type 1 diabetes and associated risk factors - A nationwide cohort study.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the hazard ratios (HR) for various fracture sites and identify associated risk factors in a cohort of relatively healthy adult people with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: The study utilized data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (1987-2017). Participants included people aged 20 and above with a T1D diagnosis code (n = 3281) and a new prescription for insulin.

Imminent fall risk after fracture.

Rationale: Adults with a recent fracture have a high imminent risk of a subsequent fracture. We hypothesise that, like subsequent fracture risk, fall risk is also highest immediately after a fracture. This study aims to assess if fall risk is time-dependent in subjects with a recent fracture compared to subjects without a fracture.

The associations of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors as add-on to metformin with fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate whether sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor use as compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor use as add-on to metformin is associated with the risk of any fracture or major osteoporotic fractures (MOFs).

Methods: A cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum database was conducted. All patients aged 18 years and older with a first-ever prescription for a DPP-4 inhibitor or an SGLT2 inhibitor as add-on to metformin between January 1, 2013 and June 30, 2020 were selected.

Comparison of characteristics of patients with lung cancer in U.K. primary care databases: Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and GOLD.

Introduction: In recent years, the number of general practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) database GOLD is decreasing. Therefore, for research questions addressing for instance novel treatments requiring up-to-date data, sample size will become an important consideration in study feasibility. In recent years, CPRD Aurum, containing information of practices that use EMIS software, has become an additional data source that is being used for CPRD studies.

Improving 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in apparently healthy people: flexible addition of risk modifiers on top of SCORE2.

Aims: In clinical practice, factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) like albuminuria, education level, or coronary artery calcium (CAC) are often known, but not incorporated in cardiovascular risk prediction models. The aims of the current study were to evaluate a methodology for the flexible addition of risk modifying characteristics on top of SCORE2 and to quantify the added value of several clinically relevant risk modifying characteristics.

Methods And Results: Individuals without previous CVD or DM were included from the UK Biobank; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC); Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA); European Prospective Investigation into Cancer, The Netherlands (EPIC-NL); and Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) studies (n = 409 757) in whom 16 166 CVD events and 19 149 non-cardiovascular deaths were observed over exactly 10.

Suspected adverse reactions reported for blood, blood components, and blood products in VigiBase.

Introduction: Since being designated as medicines by World Health Organization (WHO), blood components are subject to pharmacovigilance reporting. Using VigiBase, the WHO global database of individual case safety reports (ICSRs), we characterized reports of adverse reactions for all blood products.

Study Design And Methods: ICSRs involving blood products as the suspected medicine in VigiBase between 1968 and 2021 were extracted.

Prescribing of low-dose rivaroxaban in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands.

Aims: Low-dose rivaroxaban has been indicated for the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) after recent (2019-2020) updates to European guidelines. We aimed to describe prescription trends of low-dose rivaroxaban in ASCVD patients over the period 2015-2022 in two European countries, to compare the trends before and after guideline changes, and to determine the characteristics of users.

Methods: In a cross-sectional interrupted time series analysis, utilization of low-dose rivaroxaban (2.

The incidence of fractures at various sites in newly treated patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose: In this descriptive study, we examined the incidence of fractures in patients with newly treated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) compared to matched reference population.

Methods: Participants from the UK Clinical Practice research datalink (CPRD) GOLD (1987-2017), aged ≥30 years, with a T2D diagnosis code and a first prescription for a non-insulin anti-diabetic drug (n = 124,328) were included. Cases with T2D were matched by year of birth, sex and practice to a reference population (n = 124,328), the mean follow-up was 7.

Use of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the risk for sudden cardiac arrest and for all-cause death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) are antidiabetic agents that can have direct cardiac effects by impacting on cardiac ion transport mechanisms that control cardiac electrophysiology. We studied the association between SGLT-2i use and all-cause mortality and the risk of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: Using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a cohort study among patients initiating a new antidiabetic drug class on or after January 2013 through September 2020 was conducted.

Pioglitazone use in Australia and the United Kingdom following drug safety advisories on bladder cancer risk: An interrupted time series study.

Purpose: National regulators in Australia and the United Kingdom issued safety advisories on the association between pioglitazone use and bladder cancer in July 2011. The Australian advisory noted that males were at higher risk of bladder cancer than females, while the UK advisory highlighted a new recommendation, suggest careful consideration in the elderly due to increasing risk with age. This study examined whether these differences in the advisories had different age- and sex-based impacts in each country.

Acetylsalicylic acid use is associated with reduced risk of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the general population: Real-world data from a population-based study.

Aim: Activated blood platelet products facilitate myocardial intracellular Ca2+ overload, thereby provoking afterdepolarizations and increasing susceptibility of ischemic myocardium to ventricular fibrillation (VF). These effects are counteracted in vitro by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), but no prior study investigated whether ASA is associated with decreased out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) risk on a population level. Therefore, we studied whether ASA and other antiplatelet drugs (carbasalate calcium, clopidogrel) are associated with decreased risk of OHCA.

Mapping the risk of infections in patients with multiple sclerosis: A multi-database study in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD and Aurum.

Background: People with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) have an increased risk of infections; risk factors include underlying disease, physical impairment and use of some disease-modifying treatments.

Objective: To quantify changes in population-level infection rates among pwMS and compare these to the general population and people with rheumatoid arthritis (pwRA), and identify patient characteristics predictive of infections after MS diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a multi-database study using data on 23,226 people with MS diagnosis from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum and GOLD (January 2000-December 2020).

Hydroxyzine Initiation Following Drug Safety Advisories on Cardiac Arrhythmias in the UK and Canada: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: Regulatory advisories on hydroxyzine and risk of QT prolongation and Torsade de pointes (TdP) were issued in the UK in April 2015 and Canada in June 2016. We hypothesized patients with risk factors for QT prolongation and TdP, compared with those without risk factors, would be less likely to initiate hydroxyzine in the UK and in British Columbia (BC), Canada, following advisories.

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study with repeated measures, and evaluated hydroxyzine initiation in a UK cohort and a concurrent BC control cohort (April 2013-March 2016) as well as in a BC advisory cohort (June 2014-May 2017).

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers and risk of depression among older people with hypertension.

Background: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), commonly used antihypertensive drugs, may have a protective effect against depression in older individuals, but evidence in humans is limited.

Aims: We evaluated the risk of depression, among older individuals with hypertension, comparing ACE or ARB initiators to thiazide(-like) diuretic initiators. Thiazide(-like) diuretics were used as control because these drugs are not associated with mood disorders.

Impulse control disorders associated with dopaminergic drugs: A disproportionality analysis using vigibase.

Background: Dopamine receptor agonist drugs, which are used, for example, to treat Parkinson's disease (PD), increase the risk for impulse control disorders (ICDs), potentially resulting in devastating psychosocial consequences. It is unknown whether other drugs with dopaminergic properties also increase the risk for ICDs. This study assesses the disproportionality of reporting ICDs between drugs with dopaminergic properties and selected non-dopaminergic drugs.

Indications related to antidepressant prescribing in the Nivel-PCD database and the SIDIAP database.

Background: Antidepressant drug consumption has increased, mainly in the elderly. This trend could be explained by the use for indications other than depression. We aimed to describe the indications related to antidepressant drug new users in two primary care settings.