Antituberculosis activity, phytochemical identification of Costus speciosus (J. Koenig) Sm., Cymbopogon citratus (DC. Ex Nees) Stapf., and Tabernaemontana coronaria (L.) Willd. and their effects on the growth kinetics and cellular integrity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Background: Costus speciosus, Cymbopogon citratus, and Tabernaemontana coronaria are herbal plants traditionally used as remedies for symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) including cough. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the in vitro anti-TB activity of different solvent partitions of these plants, to identify the phytochemical compounds, and to assess the effects of the most active partitions on the growth kinetics and cellular integrity of the tubercle organism.

Methods: The in vitro anti-TB activity of different solvent partitions of the plant materials was determined against M.

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in late-stationary growth phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). The ability of M. tuberculosis to be quiescent in the cell has caused the emergence of latent infection.

Accelerated Stability and Chemical Kinetics of Ethanol Extracts of Fruit of Piper sarmentosum Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography.

The extracts of Piper sarmentosum, a medicinal plant, are being used to prepare phytopharmaceuticals while the information about chemical kinetics of constituents of the extract is unavailable to assign precise shelf life (t90) and find optimum storage conditions of the product for patient safety, and to avoid economic repercussions of launching an unstable product. The extract was exposed to three different conditions of high temperature and relative humidity (RH) for six months. The samples were then analyzed at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 months by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine as markers.

Antituberculosis potential of some ethnobotanically selected Malaysian plants.

Aim Of The Study: Many local plants are used in Malaysian traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases including symptoms of tuberculosis. The aim of the study was to screen 78 plant extracts from 70 Malaysian plant species used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory diseases including symptoms of tuberculosis for activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using a colorimetric microplate-based assay.

Materials And Methods: Plant extracts were prepared by maceration in methanol (80%) and antituberculosis screening was carried out using Tetrazolium bromide microplate assay (TEMA) method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

(E)-N'-(2,3,4-Trihy-droxy-benzyl-idene)-isonicotinohydrazide dihydrate.

In the title isoniazid derivative, C(13)H(11)N(3)O(4)·2H(2)O, the Schiff base mol-ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the acyclic C=N bond. An intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond forms a six-membered ring, producing an S(6) ring motif. The essentially planar pyridine ring [maximum deviation = 0.

Bis{(E)-N'-[2,4-bis(trifluoro-meth-yl)benzyl-idene]isonicotinohydrazide} monohydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C(15)H(9)F(6)N(3)O·H(2)O, contains two independent Schiff base mol-ecules and one water mol-ecule. Both Schiff base mol-ecules exist in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bonds and the dihedral angles between the benzene and the pyridine rings in the two mol-ecules are 17.53 (12) and 20.

(E)-N'-(2,4,5-Trifluorobenzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide monohydrate.

In the Schiff base mol-ecule of the title compound, C(13)H(8)F(3)N(3)O·H(2)O, the benzene ring and the pyridine ring are nearly coplanar, making a dihedral angle of 6.64 (7)°. The mol-ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond.

(E)-N'-[(E)-3-(4-Hydr-oxy-3-methoxy-phen-yl)allyl-idene]isonicotinohydrazide.

In the title compound, C(16)H(15)N(3)O(3), the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings is 7.66 (5)°. The crystal packing is consolidated by inter-molecular C-H⋯O and O-H⋯N inter-actions, which link the mol-ecules into zigzag chains propagating along [010].

(E)-N'-(2,4,6-Trimethyl-benzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide.

The title isoniazid derivative, C(16)H(17)N(3)O, exists in an E configuration with respect to the Schiff base C=N bond. The pyridine ring is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.009 (3) Å].

(E)-N'-[(E)-2-Methyl-pent-2-enyl-idene]isonicotinohydrazide.

The asymmetric unit of the title Schiff base compound, C(12)H(15)N(3)O, contains two crystallographically independent mol-ecules, with both existing in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bonds. In the crystal structure, inter-molecular N-H⋯N and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a three-dimensional network.

(E)-N'-(2-Benzyl-oxybenzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide methanol solvate monohydrate.

The title compound, C(20)H(17)N(3)O(2)·CH(4)O·H(2)O, was synthesized by the condensation reaction of 2-benzyl-oxybenzaldehyde with isoniazid (isonicotinic acid hydrazide). The tricyclic compound displays a trans configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The central benzene ring makes dihedral angles of 8.

(E)-N'-(2,4,5-Trimethoxy-benzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide dihydrate.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(16)H(17)N(3)O(4)·2H(2)O, contains one Schiff base mol-ecule and two water mol-ecules. The Schiff base mol-ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond and is essentially planar, the dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings being 5.48 (8)°.

(E)-N'-(2,3,4-Trimethoxy-benzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide.

In the title compound, C(16)H(17)N(3)O(4), the mol-ecule exists in an E configuration with respect to the C=N double bond. The mol-ecule is not planar, the dihedral angle between the pyridine and benzene rings being 71.67 (8)°.

(E)-N'-(2,4,6-Trihydroxy-benzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide sesquihydrate.

In the title compound, C(13)H(11)N(3)O(4)·1.5H(2)O, the pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 1.50 (6)° with the benzene ring.

Standardization and in vivo antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of fruit and leaf of Piper sarmentosum.

The present study aimed to investigate standardized ethanol extracts of fruit and leaves of Piper sarmentosum for their in vivo antioxidant activity in rats using a CCl (4)-induced oxidative stress model. The standardization was based on the quantification of the markers pellitorine, sarmentine and sarmentosine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and determination of total primary and secondary metabolites. The rats, divided into 7 groups each (n = 6), were used as follows: group 1 (CCl (4), negative control), group 2 (untreated, control), groups 3 and 4 (fruit extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively), groups 5 and 6 (leaf extract 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively) and group 7 (vitamin-E 100 mg/kg, positive control).

N'-(Cyclo-hexyl-carbon-yl)isonicotino-hydrazide.

In the title compound, C(13)H(17)N(3)O(2), the mean plane of the cyclo-hexane ring forms a dihedral angle of 33.12 (5)° with the pyridine ring. The two O atoms are twisted away from each other, as indicated by the C-N-N-C torsion angle of -74.

(E)-N'-(3-Benz-yloxy-4-methoxy-benzyl-idene)isonicotinohydrazide.

In the title compound, C(21)H(19)N(3)O(3), the pyridine ring forms a dihedral angle of 15.25 (6)° with the benzene ring. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 83.

N'-[(3-Methyl-2-thien-yl)carbon-yl]isonicotinohydrazide.

In the title compound, C(12)H(11)N(3)O(2)S, the pyridine ring is inclined to the thio-phene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 34.96 (7)°. The mean plane through the hydrazide unit forms dihedral angles of 21.

Elucidating isoniazid resistance using molecular modeling.

The continuing rise in tuberculosis incidence and the problem of drug resistance strains have prompted the research on new drug candidates and the mechanism of drug resistance. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MD) were performed to study the binding of isoniazid onto the active site of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) in an attempt to address the mycobacterial resistance against isoniazid. Results show that isonicotinic acyl-NADH (INADH) has an extremely high binding affinity toward the wild type InhA by forming stronger interactions compared to the parent drug (isoniazid) (INH).

Effects of isoniazid on viability, cell morphologies and acid fastness properties of Mycobacterium avium NCTC 8559 during the growth cycle.

Our previous study demonstrated that the effects of isoniazid (INH) on Mycobacterium tuberculosis at the cellular level varied according to the growth phases. In this study, the variations in the INH action on M. avium strain NCTC 8559 are reported.

Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine: investigation at cellular level.

In this study, the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH) was compared with its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine (INH-C9), prepared synthetically. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs was determined using the 1% proportion method. INH-C9 was found to lower the MIC of INH from 0.