Gross and histopathological features of tuberculosis in cattle, buffalo and spotted deer (Axis axis) caused by Mycobacterium orygis.

Mycobacterium orygis has been isolated from several cases of tuberculosis in various species of animal in India but documentation of the histopathological lesions caused by this organism is scant. Lung and liver tissues with caseous nodules from cattle (n = 8), lung samples from spotted deer (Axis axis) (n = 5) and lung and mediastinal lymph node samples from buffalo (n = 9) were subjected to histopathology and isolation of Mycobacterium spp. Isolation was carried out using the BACTEC MGIT 960 Automated Mycobacterial Detection System and acid-fast positive cultures were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) employing published primer pairs.

Modulation of PPAR-γ, SREBP-1c and inflammatory mediators by luteolin ameliorates β-cell dysfunction and renal damage in a rat model of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Natural products have been recommended as a complementary therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to constraints of safety and tolerability of existing anti-diabetic agents. Luteolin exhibits anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Hence, the impact of luteolin on glucose homoeostasis and organ damage was investigated in high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced T2DM in rats.

An endoscopic and histopathological assessment and correlation of endoscopic score with clinical activity index (CIBDAI) in the diagnosis of canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in dogs is often characterized by a relapsing and remitting clinical course. Determination of inflammatory activity is important for assessing the disease extent, severity, and tailoring appropriate treatment.

Aims: The study was conducted to record the macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with IBD to assess the usefulness of endoscopy in the diagnosis of the disease and to correlate the clinical activity index (CIBDAI) with endoscopic score.

Role of caloric vestibular stimulation in improvement of motor symptoms and inhibition of neuronal degeneration in rotenone model of Parkinson's disease - An experimental study.

Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In order to explore a noninvasive treatment of PD, in the current study the authors evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) using the rotenone-induced rat model of PD. The rotenone models of PD are gaining attention due to high reproducibility.

Duck plague outbreak in a Chara-Chemballi duck farm.

Background: Duck rearing is one of the important livelihoods of rural people. Duck plague is one of the diseases causing heavy mortality resulting in economic losses.

Case Description: An outbreak of duck plague in a farm in Kadavakathi Village near Tenkasi, Tirunelveli Dt.

Hepatoprotective effect of bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid tiliamosine from Tiliacora racemosa in high-fat diet/diethylnitrosamine-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is one of the aggressive forms of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is a potential risk factor of HCC. This study reports the curative effect of tiliamosine on NASH. Tiliamosine was isolated from Tiliacora racemosa Colebr.

Emergence of Porcine Circovirus 2 Associated Reproductive Failure in Southern India.

Incidence of unusually high numbers of stillbirths was observed at a piggery unit at the Veterinary University research farm in Tamil Nadu State of India. Systematic examination of the tissue from stillborn piglets led to the identification of presence of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2). Detailed analysis utilizing electron microscopy, polymerase chain reaction and sequencing confirmed the presence of PCV2 in the tissue of affected piglets.

Lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects of (3,3-dimethylallyl) halfordinol on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and high fat and fructose diet induced obese C57/BL6J mice.

Aegle marmelos Correa., (Rutaceae) is a medium sized tree distributed in South East Asia and used traditionally for the management of obestiy and diabetes. In this study the lipolytic and antiadipogenic effects of (3,3-dimethylallyl) halfordinol (Hfn) isolated from leaves of A.

Swertiamarin ameliorates inflammation and osteoclastogenesis intermediates in IL-1β induced rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Objective And Design: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that leads to aggressive joint cartilage and bone destruction. Swertiamarin is a secoiridoid glycoside found in Enicostema axillare (Lam) A. Raynal, a medicinal plant used in the Indian system of traditional medicine.

Hepatoprotective role of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury.

Context: Chronic liver disease has become a global health problem. The research for prominent herbal agents for the management of liver diseases is widely increased.

Objective: The root of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.

Expression profile of toll-like receptor 2 mRNA in selected tissues of shark (Chiloscyllium sp.).

Sharks are a species of delight for immunologists from the evolutionary perspective since it is considered as the first species to have evolved the adaptive immune responses in addition to the innate immune system. One of the components of the highly conserved innate immune system is the toll-like receptors (TLR) which has a conserved overall protein structure throughout deuterostome evolution. There is no report that demonstrates the expression of these receptors in sharks.

Transcript profiling of pattern recognition receptors in a semi domesticated breed of buffalo, Toda, of India.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the expression profile and levels of toll-like receptor (TLR) mRNAs in the spleen, lung, mediastinal lymph node (MLN), jejunum, rectum, skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Toda and Murrah buffalos. Spleen and PBMC had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 10; lung had increased expression of TLR mRNAs 2, 4, 5, 6 and 8, MLN TLR mRNA 6, 9, 10 and decrease in TLR 3 and 7 mRNAs in skin. No significant differences were observed in the expression levels of any of the TLR mRNA in jejunum and rectum.