Bioassay-Guided Isolation of Guggulsterol I and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant Properties in Ethanol Extracts From Commiphora caudata Leaves.

The secondary metabolites of various parts of have shown a range of biological activities under both in vivo and in vitro conditions, particularly anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. While E-guggulsterone from this plant has been proven to have anti-inflammatory effects, the antioxidant potential of phytochemicals present in the leaves of is less explored. This investigation aimed to isolate an antioxidant phytoconstituent from the ethanolic extract of the dried leaves of using a bioassay-guided approach.

Improved antioxidant and anti-tubercular potential of liquiritigenin grafted on low molecular weight chitosan from gladius of Sepioteuthis lessoniana.

Chitosan (CH) is natural abundant biopolymer present on earth after cellulose. CH can be functionalized by numerous functional groups such as amino and carboxyl groups, potential biologically active compounds. The functionalization of CH with polyphenols had a greater biological than non-grafted CH.

Challenges and mitigation strategies associated with Burkholderia cepacia complex contamination in pharmaceutical manufacturing.

Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium with more than 20 opportunistic pathogenic species, most commonly found in soil and water. Due to their rapid mutation rates, these organisms are adaptable and possess high genomic plasticity. BCC can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with cystic fibrosis, chronic granulomatous disease, and neonates.

Antioxidant and Teratogenic Activities of Formulated Agar Extracted from Brown Seaweed against Zebrafish Larvae.

This study examines the antioxidant and teratogenic effects of two different type's methods of formulating agar from () using a zebrafish model. The agar was extracted using the aqueous extraction method and developed in two different formulations using separate procedures. Formulated agar1 (FA1) used a higher concentration of the ingredients while formulated agar 2 (FA2) had a lesser concentration.

Adaptations of to Stress During Environmental Survival, Host Colonization, and Infection.

(Vp) is an aquatic Gram-negative bacterium that may infect humans and cause gastroenteritis and wound infections. The first pandemic of Vp associated infection was caused by the serovar O3:K6 and epidemics caused by the other serovars are increasingly reported. The two major virulence factors, thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and/or TDH-related hemolysin (TRH), are associated with hemolysis and cytotoxicity.

Chitosan grafted butein: A metal-free transducer for electrochemical genosensing of exosomal CD24.

Metal-free cost-efficient biocompatible molecules are beneficial for opto-electrochemical bioassays. Herein, chitosan (CS) conjugated butein is prepared via graft polymerization. Structural integrity between radical active sites of CS and its probable conjugation routes with reactive OH group of butein during grafting were comprehensively studied using optical absorbance/emission property, NMR, FT-IR and XPS analysis.

Pathogenic indiarrhoeal patients, fish and aquatic environments and their potential for inter-source transmission.

The role of in causing diarrhoeal disease is well known. However, phenotypic and genetic traits of this pathogen isolated from diverse sources have not been investigated in detail. In this study, we have screened samples from diarrhoeal cases (2603), brackish water fish (301) and aquatic environments (115) and identified in 29 (1.

Chemically synthesized butein and butin: Optical, structure and electrochemical redox functionality at electrode interface.

Progress in the development of phytochemistry has delivered advancement in materials functionality for range of inter/trans-disciplinary application. Here, we investigated the structural functionality of chemically synthesized phytoconstitutent, chalcone (butein) and flavanone (butin). Photoactive and electroactive behavior of butein and butin were comprehensively studied using UV-vis absorbance, photoluminescence and cyclic voltammetric techniques.

Retrospective genomic analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains from different places in India reveals the presence of ctxB-7 allele found in Haitian isolates.

A total of 45 strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from 10 different places in India where they were associated with cases of cholera between the years 2007 and 2008 were examined by molecular methods. With the help of phenotypic and genotypic tests the strains were confirmed to be O1 El Tor biotype strains with classical ctxB gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis by double - mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR showed 16 of these strains carried the ctxB-7 allele reported in Haitian strains.

Characterization of E-type colicinogenic plasmids from Shigella sonnei.

Colicinogenic plasmids encode toxic proteins which have antagonistic activity against closely related bacteria. This study describes the molecular characterization of three colicinogenic plasmids designated as pSSE3, pSSE and pSSE2, each with a molecular size of ∼6 kb, identified in clinical isolates of Shigella sonnei. Sequence analysis revealed that pSSE and pSSE2 shared extensive sequence homology with each other and with Escherichia coli E-type colicinogenic plasmids.

Comparative genome analysis of VSP-II and SNPs reveals heterogenic variation in contemporary strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from cholera patients in Kolkata, India.

Cholera is an acute diarrheal disease and a major public health problem in many developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Since the Bay of Bengal is considered the epicenter for the seventh cholera pandemic, it is important to understand the genetic dynamism of Vibrio cholerae from Kolkata, as a representative of the Bengal region. We analyzed whole genome sequence data of V.

Carbapenem Resistance in Clonally Distinct Clinical Strains of Vibrio fluvialis Isolated from Diarrheal Samples.

Carbapenems have been used for many years to treat severe nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae infections. The spread of resistance to these drugs among other bacterial families is an emerging problem worldwide, mostly caused by New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM-1). We screened for the prevalence of NDM-1-expressing enteric pathogens from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Kolkata, India, and identified 27 Vibrio fluvialis-harboring blaNDM-1 (NDM-VF) strains.

Global phylogeography and evolutionary history of Shigella dysenteriae type 1.

Together with plague, smallpox and typhus, epidemics of dysentery have been a major scourge of human populations for centuries(1). A previous genomic study concluded that Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1), the epidemic dysentery bacillus, emerged and spread worldwide after the First World War, with no clear pattern of transmission(2). This is not consistent with the massive cyclic dysentery epidemics reported in Europe during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries(1,3,4) and the first isolation of Sd1 in Japan in 1897(5).

Rugose atypical Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor responsible for 2009 cholera outbreak in India.

Vibrio cholerae causes cholera outbreaks in endemic regions where the water quality and sanitation facilities remain poor. Apart from biotype and serotype changes, V. cholerae undergoes phase variation, which results in the generation of two morphologically different variants termed smooth and rugose.

Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity in Vibrio cholerae O139 Isolated from Cholera Cases in Delhi, India during 2001-2006.

Incidence of epidemic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O139 has declined in cholera endemic countries. However, sporadic cholera caused by V. cholerae O139 with notable genetic changes is still reported from many regions.

Molecular evolution and functional divergence of Vibrio cholerae.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to synopsize and highlight the recent subtle genetic changes in cholera causing toxigenic Vibrio cholerae with special reference to their virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin-antitoxin systems. It is not intended to cover issues on the whole genome sequence and epidemiology of cholera.

Recent Findings: Analyses have been made using major published works on genetic changes associated with potential virulence, integrating and conjugative elements and toxin-antitoxin systems of toxigenic V.

Unique Clones of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor with Haitian Type ctxB Allele Implicated in the Recent Cholera Epidemics from Nigeria, Africa.

Background And Objectives: The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genetic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O1, which is responsible for several cholera epidemics in Nigeria, are not reported in detail since 2007. In this study, we screened V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype isolates from cholera cases and water samples from different states to investigate their phenotypic and genetic attributes with special reference to their clonality.

Draft Genome Sequence of an Environmental trh+ Vibrio parahaemolyticus K23 Strain Isolated from Kerala, India.

Vibrio parahaemolyticusis the leading cause of seafood-related gastroenteritis. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of atrh(+)strain,V. parahaemolyticusK23, isolated from seafood.

Attributes of carbapenemase encoding conjugative plasmid pNDM-SAL from an extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Senftenberg.

A carbapenem resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolate BCH 2406 was isolated from a diarrheal child attending an outpatient unit of B.C. Roy Hospital in Kolkata, India.

Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variant and emergence of Haitian ctxB variant in the strains isolated from South India.

Cholera still continues to be an important cause of human infection, especially in developing countries that lack access to safe drinking water and proper sanitation. In the present study, we report the emergence of new variant form of V. cholerae O1 El Tor biotype with a novel mutation in ctxB in strains isolated from various outbreaks during 2010-2014 in Belgaum situated in north-west Karnataka, India.

Detection of integron-associated gene cassettes and other antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis.

Twenty seven Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) strains isolated from children in Kolkata, India, were tested for their antimicrobial resistance, presence of integrons and resistance encoding genes. Almost all the strains (>90%) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. About 59-92% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin.

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolated from various regions of Kenya between 2007 and 2010.

Introduction: Cholera, a disease caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 remains an important public health problem globally. In the last decade, Kenya has experienced a steady increase of cholera cases. In 2009 alone, 11,769 cases were reported to the Ministry of Public Health and Sanitation.

Heterogenic virulence in a diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: evidence for an EPEC expressing heat-labile toxin of ETEC.

We have encountered an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a child with acute diarrhea. This strain harbored eae and elt genes encoding for E. coli attaching and effacing property and heat-labile enterotoxin of EPEC and ETEC, respectively.