Pitch-induced illusory percepts of time.

Past research suggests that pitch height can influence the perceived tempo of speech and music, such that higher-pitched signals seem faster than lower-pitched ones. However, previous studies have analyzed perceived tempo across a relatively limited range of fundamental frequencies. To investigate whether this higher-equals-faster illusion generalizes across the wider range of human hearing, we conducted a series of five experiments.

The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study.

The Penn Electrophysiology of Encoding and Retrieval Study (PEERS) aimed to characterize the behavioral and electrophysiological (EEG) correlates of memory encoding and retrieval in highly practiced individuals. Across five PEERS experiments, 300+ subjects contributed more than 7,000 memory testing sessions with recorded EEG data. Here we tell the story of PEERS: its genesis, evolution, major findings, and the lessons it taught us about taking a big scientific approach in studying memory and the human brain.

EEG decoders track memory dynamics.

Encoding- and retrieval-related neural activity jointly determine mnemonic success. We ask whether electroencephalographic activity can reliably predict encoding and retrieval success on individual trials. Each of 98 participants performed a delayed recall task on 576 lists across 24 experimental sessions.

Dynamic models for musical rhythm perception and coordination.

Rhythmicity permeates large parts of human experience. Humans generate various motor and brain rhythms spanning a range of frequencies. We also experience and synchronize to externally imposed rhythmicity, for example from music and song or from the 24-h light-dark cycles of the sun.

Modality effects in free recall: A retrieved-context account.

The modality effect refers to the robust finding that memory performance differs for items presented aurally, as compared with visually. Whereas auditory presentation leads to stronger recency performance in immediate recall, visual presentation often produces better primacy performance (the inverse modality effect). To investigate and model these differences, we conducted two large-scale web-based immediate free recall experiments.

EEG biomarkers of free recall.

Brain activity in the moments leading up to spontaneous verbal recall provide a window into the cognitive processes underlying memory retrieval. But these same recordings also subsume neural signals unrelated to mnemonic retrieval, such as response-related motor activity. Here we examined spectral EEG biomarkers of memory retrieval under an extreme manipulation of mnemonic demands: subjects either recalled items after a few seconds or after several days.

[HPV in etiology of orofaryngeal cancer according to sexual activity].

Objective: The objective of this study is to confirm or exclude the presence of the HPV in oral cavity according to sexual activity.

Design: Prospective not blinded study.

Setting: Clinic of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinic of Obsterics and Gynecology, Department of Microbiology, Medical Faculty Palacky University and University Hospital Olomouc.

Reconstructive procedures in maxillofacial oncosurgery.

Objective: Oropharyngeal cancers are a biologically heterogenous group of tumors with diverse risk factors including tobacco, alcohol, HPV, inherited disorders, the acquired immunodeficiency of Karposi's Sarcoma and non Hodgkin's lymphoma. In the Czech Republic, oropharyngeal cancers represent around 2% of all cancers. The treatment of these tumors is long and complex.

Odontogenic keratocysts/keratocystic odontogenic tumours: biological characteristics, clinical manifestation and treatment.

Background: Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) now reclassified as Keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOTs) are a clinical entity with a characteristic microscopic picture, kinetic growth and biological behaviour. They arise from the proliferation of the epithelial dental lamina in both maxilla and mandible and occur in patients of all ages. 70-80% of keratocysts are found in the mandible commonly in the angle between the jaw and mandibular branch and maxillary region of the third molar.

Merkel cell carcinoma. Case report.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive skin tumour affecting mainly older and immuno suppressed individuals (see our review on MCC in this volume).

Aim: This is a case report describing our first experience with Merkel cell carcinoma in an elderly woman on chemo therapy for lymphoma and it covers the diagnosis, treatment and outcome.

Methods: We did a radical excision of the soft tissue in the tumor area in conjunction with total paroditectomy and resection of the body of the zygomatic bone by radical block neck dissection.

Merkel cell carcinoma. A review.

Background: Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare potentially fatal skin tumour affecting older mainly white people and younger immunosuppressed individuals. While uncommon, the incidence is increasing relative to melanoma and with twice the lethality. The benign appearance of the tumour usually on exposed skin parts, contrasting with its extensive microscopic invasion, can delay timely diagnosis.

Human papillomavirus in the etiology of head and neck carcinomas.

Background: For more than 20 years, infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been of a matter of interest not only to gynecologists but also to maxillofacial surgeons and othorhinolaryngologists. HPV is generally known to be involved in cervical cancer. Recently, there are many clinical studies pointed out the potentially dangerous connection between HPV infection and head and neck carcinomas (HNC).

Salivary neutrophils level as an indicator of bone marrow engraftment.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the neutrophils level in saliva as an adequate alternative to other methods for evaluating the neutrophil engraftment after autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in hemato-oncology.

Method: A total of 35 patients treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or multiple myeloma were stomatologically examined before planned high-dose chemotherapy with ASCT. After removal of potential foci of odontogenic infection all the patients underwent transplantation and during the treatment they were monitored for the level of neutrophils in saliva as a possible early indicator of the neutrophil engraftment.

Saliva as a diagnostic medium.

Background: This is a review of current knowledge on the use of saliva, gingival cervical fluid and mucosal transudate in the detection of some oral and systemic diseases as well as drugs. Oral fluid is a diagnostic medium that can be easily collected and with minimal invasion but it has been neglected in the past. Today, saliva is being used more often to diagnose: HIV virus, oro-facial and systemic tumors, cardiovascular disease and in detecting addictive substances.

Profile of the dentist in the oral healthcare team in countries with developed economies.

This paper confines itself to the description of the profile of a general dentist while outlining where the boundary between specialist and generalist may lie. The profile must reflect the need to recognize that oral health is part of general health. The epidemiological trends and disease variation of a country should inform the profile of the dentist.

Intra-arterial chemotherapy and its significance in the treatment of oropharyngeal carcinoma.

Background: In complex therapeutic algorithms for cancer, regional intra-arterial chemotherapy is usually used as an adjuvant and placed in the beginning of treatment. Clinical experience however shows that the achieved remission of malignant tumour illness after non-adjuvant chemotherapy is only temporary and short-lived. The illness progresses relatively quickly if the patient receives no further treatment and most clinical studies have not found any significant increase in life expectancy in oncological patients treated with this method.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the biological potential of odontogenic keratocysts.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of detecting important apoptosis and proliferation markers in assessing the biological potential of odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and thus selecting the optimal diagnostic algorithm for these lesions.

Methods: Indirect immunohistochemistry and relevant statistical methods were used for analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 98 patients.

Results: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) keratocysts were characterized by higher expression of Bcl-2, p27Kip1 and c-erbB-2 as well as by lower proliferative activity measured by Ki-67 in basal cell epithelium and by a lower inflammatory response in comparison with sporadic keratocysts.

Bone defects of the facial skeleton - replacement with biomaterials.

The authors report on their experience with bone defect treatment following surgery of jaw-bone cysts. This is based on the use of cadaveric ground spongiosis saturated with tetracycline and metronidazol solution. The study shows the above mentioned material is very suitable for bone defect therapy, and cost effective.

Haemangiomas of the orbit.

The authors describe their experience with systemic therapy of cavernous haemangiomas making use of interferon alpha. They have successfully used the method in treating two female patients with cavernous haemangiomas in the orbit. In the first patient, the IFN therapy was followed by surgical removal of the tumour.

Contemporary possibilities of treating vasoformative tissue tumours.

The authors present a review of up-to-date methods of vasoformative tissue tumours treatment. The necessity to choose the best therapy and the risks of single therapeutical procedures are pointed out.

[DNA fingerprinting in horses].

Using a multilocus DNA probe, individual - specific hybridization patterns, the so-called DNA fingerprints (TAB) were determined in six horse families by the DNA fingerprinting method. The probe with evolutionally preserved nucleotide sequence from bacteriophage M13 determines hypervariable regions placed in genomic minisatellite DNA. The use of this probe permits an identification of an individual and execution of paternity relationships with a probability over 99.

Possibilities of shortening intermaxillary fixation by closed treatment of mandibular fractures.

The author's own method, making it possible to shorten substantially intermaxillary fixation while preserving all its principal advantages, was used to treat 252 patients with fractures of the dentulous mandible. After two weeks' intermaxillary fixation 134 fractures of the mandibular body and angle were fixed with a combination of Sauer's and occlusal splints, lingual splints or periangular wires according to Petz. This method shortened the treatment of the selected group of patients by the mean one week.

Experience with the treatment of mandibular fractures.

Mandibular fractures belong to the most frequent injuries of the facial skeleton. The present study is a report on 770 patients treated from 1977 to 1986 at the Third Clinic of Stomatology with special regard to healing complications and their causes.