Rational design of a poly-L-glutamic acid-based combination conjugate for hormone-responsive breast cancer treatment.

Breast cancer represents the most prevalent tumor type worldwide, with hormone-responsive breast cancer the most common subtype. Despite the effectiveness of endocrine therapy, advanced disease forms represent an unmet clinical need. While drug combination therapies remain promising, differences in pharmacokinetic profiles result in suboptimal ratios of free drugs reaching tumors.

The past, present, and future of breast cancer models for nanomedicine development.

Even given recent advances in nanomedicine development of breast cancer treatment in recent years and promising results in pre-clinical models, cancer nanomedicines often fail at the clinical trial stage. Limitations of conventional in vitro models include the lack of representation of the stromal population, the absence of a three-dimensional (3D) structure, and a poor representation of inter-tumor and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Herein, we review those cell culture strategies that aim to overcome these limitations, including cell co-cultures, advanced 3D cell cultures, patient-derived cells, bioprinting, and microfluidics systems.

Proteomic insights into the immune response of the Colorado potato beetle larvae challenged with Bacillus thuringiensis.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins constitute effective, environmentally safe biopesticides. Nevertheless, insects' tolerance to Bt is influenced by environmental factors affecting immunity. To understand larval immune response in the devastating coleopteran insect pest Colorado potato beetle (CPB), we undertook a proteomic analysis of hemolymph of non-treated control larvae and larvae consuming non-lethal doses of spore-crystal mixtures containing the coleopteran-active Cry3Aa toxin.