An opioid efficacy switch for reversible optical control of peripheral analgesia.

The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is a major target for the treatment of pain. However, opioids are prone to side effects which limit their effectiveness as analgesics and can lead to opioid use disorders or, even, lethal overdose. The systemic administration of opioid agonists makes it both very difficult to decipher their underlying circuit mechanisms of action and to limit drug action to specific receptor subpopulations to isolate therapeutic effects from adverse side effects.

Practical Principles of Palliative Care in Veterinary Oncology: Alleviating the Suffering of the Animal, Owner, and Veterinarian.

Background: Palliative care for pets is a developing area that encompasses animals with cancer and other chronic and degenerative diseases.

Objectives: To elucidate the guiding principles of palliative care in veterinary oncology.

Methods: This article was structured from an extensive literature review and addresses the growing need for improved palliative care in veterinary medicine.

Impact of Sodium Thiosulfate on Prevention of Nephrotoxicities in HIPEC: An Ancillary Evaluation of Cisplatin-Induced Toxicities in Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin confers a survival benefit in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) but is associated with renal toxicity. Sodium thiosulfate (ST) is used for nephroprotection for HIPEC with cisplatin, but standard HIPEC practices vary.

Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized, clinical trial evaluated safety outcomes of HIPEC with cisplatin 75 mg/m during cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with EOC (n = 34) and endometrial cancer (n = 6).

Clinical Features, Biochemical Parameters, and Treatment Adherence of Individuals Who Started the Treatment for Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis during the Pandemic Period.

This descriptive prospective study investigated the clinical features and treatment adherence of individuals who started the treatment for Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) during the COVID-19 pandemic in São Luís. Thirty-six TB patients and thirty-five age/sex-matched individuals were recruited between January 2021 and January 2022. The clinical features, sociodemographic information, and serum were obtained at the diagnosis time.

Cytotoxicity, structural, conformational, and techno-functional properties of α-lactalbumin nanostructured aggregates.

Protein nanostructures can be used in food applications to improve the techno-functional properties of a food formulation. This study aims to find the best conditions for the production and conformational change of α-lactalbumin nanostructured aggregates. The criteria to determine the best operating conditions to produce α-lactalbumin nanostructured aggregates were intensification of foaming and emulsification, techno-functional proprieties, cytotoxic, and antibacterial activity of nanostructures compared with native α-lactalbumin.

Terms of the specialized nursing language in the care of older adults at home.

Objective: To identify terms of the specialized nursing language used in the care of older adults at home and map them with the International Classification for Nursing Practice.

Method: This is a methodological study, operationalized by the steps of extraction of terms from the specialized nursing language in the care of older adults at home from official documents; normalization; cross mapping between extracted terms and those included in the International Classification for Nursing Practice, 2019/2020 version; distribution according to the Seven-Axis Model.

Results: A total of 12,365 terms were identified and, after manual screening, 530 terms were included, which were mapped with the International Classification for Nursing Practice and analyzed according to the level of equivalence, resulting in the presence of 460 (86.

Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy-Induced Molecular Changes in Humans Validate Preclinical Data in Ovarian Cancer.

Purpose: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) confers a survival benefit in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and in preclinical models. However, the molecular changes induced by HIPEC have not been corroborated in humans.

Patients And Methods: A feasibility trial evaluated clinical and safety outcomes of HIPEC with cisplatin during optimal cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients with EOC diagnosed with stage III, IV, or recurrent EOC.

Tongue nodules in an atypical canine leishmaniasis in Brazil.

We aimed to report a case of canine leishmaniasis with the only visible clinical sign being the presence of nodules in the lateral region of the tongue. The bitch was treated for a mandibular fracture, when multiple small nodules were observed on the tongue. We identify nodular glossitis with the presence of structures compatible with amastigote forms of Leishmania.

Chemotherapy-induced early transient increase and surge of CA 19-9 level in patients with pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.

This study aimed to characterize chemotherapy-induced transient increase and surge of CA 19-9 level to treatment response in patients with advanced pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A retrospective case series was performed of advanced PDAC patients treated with first-line chemotherapy at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center from Jan 2017 to May 2020. CA 19-9 surge was defined as an increase of >20% from baseline followed by a >20% drop in one or more subsequent CA 19-9 levels compared to baseline.

Impact of the internet on veterinary surgery.

The advent of the internet, and the technological innovations associated with it, have driven significant advances in surgical teaching and learning. The ease of access to information and the variety of online resources allow rapid sharing of surgical knowledge, promoting new teaching and learning patterns. Educational content from online platforms adds theoretical and practical knowledge to accelerate the learning curve and continuing education of surgeons.

Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) for use in Brazilian Portuguese: questionnaire validity study.

Background: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a questionnaire that was developed by Finnish researchers to track the risk of diabetes.

Objective: To translate, cross-culturally adapt and validate the FINDRISC for use in Brazilian Portuguese.

Design And Setting: Questionnaire validity study conducted at a private university.

Detoxification of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in naturally contaminated mussels, clams and scallops by an industrial procedure.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) episodes cause important economic impacts due to closure of shellfish production areas in order to protect human health. These closures, if are frequent and persistent, can seriously affect shellfish producers and the seafood industry, among others. In this study, we have developed an alternative processing method for bivalves with PSP content above the legal limit, which allows reducing toxicity to acceptable levels.

A phase I trial of intraperitoneal nab-paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced malignancies primarily confined to the peritoneal cavity.

Purpose: To evaluate intraperitoneal (IP) nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced malignancies that are primarily confined to the peritoneal cavity in a phase I trial.

Methods: Using a 3 + 3 dose escalation of IP nab-paclitaxel on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle, we evaluated six dose levels (35-175 mg/m/dose). Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) of IP nab-paclitaxel were determined.

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery for Gastric Cancer Patients Improves Clinical Outcomes at a US Cancer Center.

Purpose: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols for gastric cancer patients have shown improved outcomes in Asia. However, data on gastric cancer ERAS (GC-ERAS) programs in the United States are sparse. The purpose of this study was to compare perioperative outcomes before and after implementation of an GC-ERAS protocol at a National Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States.

Movement Disorders After Exposure to Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients With Depressive Disorders.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to explore the frequency of movement disorders (MDs) in depressive patients exposed to antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and to compare it with nonexposed depressive patients and APDs-treated schizophrenic patients.

Methods: Four hundred fifty-two depressive patients not exposed to APDs (group A), 156 depressives exposed to APDs (group B), and 75 patients with schizophrenia on APDs (group C) were recruited. Presence of MDs was explored by the Simpson-Angus and UKU scales (Registration: NCT02409823).

Enantioselective synthesis of cyclopenta[]benzofurans an organocatalytic intramolecular double cyclization.

An enantioselective organocatalytic strategy, combining Brønsted base and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in a unique manner, is demonstrated for a concise construction of the privileged cyclopenta[]benzofuran scaffold, present in many bioactive compounds having both academic and commercial interests. The reaction concept relies on an intramolecular one-pot double cyclization involving a cycle-specific enantioselective Michael addition followed by a benzoin condensation of -substituted cinnamaldehydes. Cyclopenta[]benzofurans were achieved in moderate to good yields, with excellent stereoselectivities.

Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Approach to Different Classes of Benzofused Acetals.

A novel enantioselective organocatalytic strategy is presented for the synthesis of tetrahydrofurobenzofuran and methanobenzodioxepine natural product core structures. The strategy is based on a pair of divergent reaction pathways in which hydroxyarenes react with γ-keto-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, catalyzed by a chiral secondary amine. One reaction pathway, which leads to chiral 5,5-fused acetals with two stereocenters-the tetrahydrofurobenzofuran scaffolds-proceeds in moderate yields and up to 96 % ee.

Computational Approach to Diarylprolinol-Silyl Ethers in Aminocatalysis.

Asymmetric organocatalysis has witnessed a remarkable development since its "re-birth" in the beginning of the millenium. In this rapidly growing field, computational investigations have proven to be an important contribution for the elucidation of mechanisms and rationalizations of the stereochemical outcomes of many of the reaction concepts developed. The improved understanding of mechanistic details has facilitated the further advancement of the field.

Th17 responses and natural IgM antibodies are related to gut microbiota composition in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Intestinal dysbiosis, characterized by a reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, has been reported in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. In this study, in vitro cultures revealed that microbiota isolated from SLE patient stool samples (SLE-M) promoted lymphocyte activation and Th17 differentiation from naïve CD4(+) lymphocytes to a greater extent than healthy control-microbiota. Enrichment of SLE-M with Treg-inducing bacteria showed that a mixture of two Clostridia strains significantly reduced the Th17/Th1 balance, whereas Bifidobacterium bifidum supplementation prevented CD4(+) lymphocyte over-activation, thus supporting a possible therapeutic benefit of probiotics containing Treg-inducer strains in order to restore the Treg/Th17/Th1 imbalance present in SLE.

Factors Related to Early Clinical Effects of Quetiapine Extended-Release: A Multinational, Prospective, Observational Study.

Background And Objectives: The first weeks of treatment with antipsychotics are important for the development of their long-term efficacy. The objective of this study was to identify factors related to early clinical effects and quality of life (QoL) improvements with quetiapine extended-release (XR).

Methods: Six hundred and sixty-five patients starting with quetiapine XR were followed up for 8 weeks (schizophrenia = 153, major depression = 200, bipolar depression = 252, other psychiatric conditions = 60).

DKK1 expression by synovial fibroblasts in very early rheumatoid arthritis associates with lymphocyte adhesion in an in vitro flow co-culture system.

Background: Synovial fibroblasts play a key role in joint destruction and regulation of the inflammatory infiltrate in established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The mechanisms by which this occurs in the earliest stages of RA are largely unknown. We investigated the role of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) produced by synovial fibroblasts of patients with very early rheumatoid arthritis (VeRA).

Organocatalytic Asymmetric 1,6-Addition/1,4-Addition Sequence to 2,4-Dienals for the Synthesis of Chiral Chromans.

A novel asymmetric organocatalytic 1,6-addition/1,4-addition sequence to 2,4-dienals is described. Based on a 1,6-Friedel-Crafts/1,4-oxa-Michael cascade, the organocatalyst directs the reaction of hydroxyarenes with a vinylogous iminium-ion intermediate to give only one out of four possible regioisomers, thus providing optically active chromans in high yields and 94-99 % ee. Furthermore, several transformations are presented, including the formation of an optically active macrocyclic lactam.