Tissue dissection with saline injection: application in thyroid surgery.

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism is a thyroidectomy complication. The effect of this complication cannot be accurately quantified. The incidence of hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy has high variability in the literature, between 7 and 37%.

Preeclampsia and long-term coronary artery disease: How to minimize the odds?

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that can cause detrimental obstetric outcomes if not managed properly. Current evidence demonstrates higher risk for long-term cardiovascular disease in preeclamptic women. Even in uncomplicated pregnancies, the heart work overload often reveals subtle cardiac defects or abnormalities, which otherwise remain undiagnosed in women without a history of pregnancy.

The anatomy of the quadrilateral space with reference to quadrilateral space syndrome.

Quadrilateral space syndrome is a rare condition in which the contents of the quadrilateral space, the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery, are compressed, leading to vague symptoms of shoulder pain, tenderness over the quadrilateral space on palpation, and teres minor and deltoid denervation. Fibrous bands within the quadrilateral space are often cited in the literature as a cause of compression in quadrilateral space syndrome; however, Cahill and Palmer did not see these bands in cadaveric dissection. These are postulated to cause compression of the quadrilateral space contents in abduction and external rotation of the shoulder.

Arthroscopic stabilization of superior labral (SLAP) tears with biodegradable tack: outcomes to 2 years.

Purpose: This prospective study aimed to document the pain and functional outcomes, over time, of patients whose SLAP lesions had been repaired with biodegradable tacks.

Methods: Superior labral tears were identified in 24 patients from a cohort of 500 patients who had shoulder problems sufficiently disabling to warrant arthroscopic evaluation and management. These labral tears were arthroscopically repaired with 1 to 3 biodegradable tacks (mean, 1.

Rate of return to work and driving following arthroscopic subacromial decompression.

Background: The aim of the present paper was to evaluate the return to work and return to driving of a cohort of patients undergoing arthroscopic subacromial decompressions +/- arthroscopic acromioclavicular joint excision.

Methods: Arthroscopic subacromial decompressions +/- arthroscopic acromioclavicular joint excision were performed in 68 patients between February 2000 and November 2000. All patients had symptoms of subacromial impingement +/- acromioclavicular joint arthrosis for more than 6 months that had not settled with conservative treatment.

Diagnostic values of tests for acromioclavicular joint pain.

Background: This prospective study was performed to determine which clinical and imaging tests were most helpful for diagnosing acromioclavicular joint pain.

Methods: Of 1037 patients with shoulder pain, 113 who mapped pain within an area bounded by the midpart of the clavicle and the deltoid insertion were eligible for inclusion in the study. Forty-two subjects agreed to participate, and four of them were lost to follow-up.

An assessment of the interexaminer reliability of tests for shoulder instability.

Accurate noninvasive clinical tests of shoulder instability are important in assessing and planning treatment for glenohumeral joint instability. An interexaminer agreement trial was undertaken to estimate the reliability of commonly used clinical tests for shoulder instability. Thirteen patients with a history suggestive of instability, who had been referred to a shoulder specialist for treatment of their symptomatic shoulders, were examined by four examiners of differing experience.

Shoulder instability: management and rehabilitation.

Shoulder dislocation and subluxation occurs frequently in athletes with peaks in the second and sixth decades. The majority (98%) of traumatic dislocations are in the anterior direction. The most frequent complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrence, a complication that occurs much more frequently in the adolescent population.

The unstable shoulder in the adolescent athlete.

Shoulder dislocation and subluxation occur frequently in athletes, with peaks in the second and sixth decades. The majority of traumatic dislocations are in the anterior direction. The most frequent complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrence--a complication that occurs much more often in the adolescent population.

Advances in the management of traumatic anterior and atraumatic multidirectional shoulder instability.

Dislocation of the shoulder is a common and often disabling injury to an athlete. Most shoulder dislocations are traumatic in origin, occur in the anterior direction and result in stretching and detachment of the anterior capsule and labrum. The most frequent adverse sequel of shoulder dislocation is recurrence--an event that occurs most commonly in active individuals and less frequently with age.

Shoulder instability. Diagnosis and management.

Background: The shoulder is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body. The most frequent complication of shoulder dislocation is recurrence, occurring most often in young athletes.

Objective: To summarise the functional anatomy of the shoulder joint, the structures damaged following shoulder dislocation and the methods to evaluate and treat shoulder instability.