Meeting the WHO 90% target: antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland is associated with baseline clinical patient characteristics.

Introduction: Modern combined antiretroviral therapies (cART) allow to effectively suppress HIV-1 viral load, with the 90% virologic success rate, meeting the WHO target in most clinical settings. The aim of this study was to analyse antiretroviral treatment efficacy in Poland and to identify variables associated with virologic suppression.

M: Cross-sectional data on 5152 (56.

Expanding HIV-1 subtype B transmission networks among men who have sex with men in Poland.

Introduction: Reconstruction of HIV transmission links allows to trace the spread and dynamics of infection and guide epidemiological interventions. The aim of this study was to characterize transmission networks among subtype B infected patients from Poland.

Material And Methods: Maximum likelihood phylogenenetic trees were inferred from 966 HIV-1 subtype B protease/reverse transcriptase sequences from patients followed up in nine Polish HIV centers.

Time trends in HIV-1 transmitted drug resistance mutation frequency in Poland.

Introduction: In Poland, the HIV epidemic has shifted recently from being predominantly related to injection drug use (IDU) to being driven by transmissions among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM). The number of new HIV cases has increased in the recent years, while no current data on the transmitted drug resistance associated mutations (tDRM) frequency trend over time are available from 2010. In this study, we analyze the temporal trends in the spread of tDRM from 2008 to 2013.

Transmitted HIV drug resistance in antiretroviral-treatment-naive patients from Poland differs by transmission category and subtype.

Objectives: The surveillance of HIV-transmitted drug resistance mutations (t-DRMs), including temporal trends across subtypes and exposure groups, remains a priority in the current management of the epidemic worldwide.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of 833 treatment-naive patients from 9 of 17 Polish HIV treatment centres. Partial pol sequences were used to analyse drug resistance with a general time reversible (GTR)-based maximum likelihood algorithm used for cluster/pair identification.

Role of IL-6 and neopterin in the pathogenesis of herpetic encephalitis.

Herpetic encephalitis (HSE) is one of the most severe infection of the central nervous system (CNS), connected with high mortality rate, even when appropriate therapy has been introduced. Better understanding of pathomechanisms responsible for neuronal injury during the course of the disease can be useful in the assessment of the risk of the occurrence of severe complications, as well as in potential introduction of additional therapeutic methods. The purpose of this study is to assess the correlation between concentration of neopterin and IL-6 in the CSF and serum, and the course of HSE.

[A case of Salmonella paratyphi A infection in Poland].

Paratyphoid fever is an acute infection caused by Salmonella paratyphi A, B or C. The disease is transmitted from person to person by fecal-oral way. Typical for typhoid fever are splenomegaly, bradycardia, fever, constipation or mild diarrhoea oftten associated with abdominal tenderness.

Morphological changes of the upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa and Helicobacter pylori infection in HIV-positive patients with severe immunodeficiency and symptoms of dyspepsia.

Background: HIV infection causes progressive immune defense system dysfunction, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphological changes in the upper-GI tract mucosa in HIV-infected patients in relation to the degree of immunodeficiency, presence of H. pylori, fungal colonization, and antiretroviral treatment (HAART).

[Outbreak of Lyme borreliosis with joint manifestation--case report].

Lyme borreliosis is caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted into the human body by ticks. The clinical symptoms are associated with skin, joints, heart and nervous system. Four groups of antibiotics are used in Lyme borreliosis treatment: penicillins, cephalosporins, tetracyclines and macrolides.

[Studies on relationship between immunodeficiency in HIV-infected people and condition of upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa, prevalence of mycosis and Helicobacter pylori infection].

HIV infection leads to progressive deterioration of immunity. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are often reported in patients with this infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate morphological changes in upper gastrointestinal tract mucosa and prevalence of opportunistic infections and Helicobacter pylori in HIV-infected people in relationship to the degree of immunosupression.

[Whooping cough in a previously vaccinated patient--case report].

Pertussis is an acute contagious human disease caused by gram-negative Coccobacilli Bordetella pertussis. Numerous factors and toxins produced by Bordetella pertussis play important role in pathogenicity of the disease. Typical illness has three clinical stages: catarrhal, paroxysmal and convalescent.

[Diagnostic problems in the course of varicella-zoster virus reactivation leading to meningitis and hepatitis--case report].

Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) usually leads to developing of characteristic skin lesions with dermatomal distribution. In very rare cases typical clinical picture can be absent, which impairs diagnostic procedure. Atypical case of young non HIV infected man was described.