Metabolism gene expression in worker honey bees after exposure to 50Hz electric field - semi-field analysis.

The investigation of the effects of artificial 50 Hz electric field (E-field) frequency on Apis mellifera is a relatively new field of research. Since the current literature focuses mainly on short-term effects, it is unknown whether E-fields have permanent effects on bees or whether their effects can be neutralized. In this study we assessed gene expression immediately after exposure to the E-field, as well as 7 days after exposure.

Exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic field induces a response of the honey bee organism on the level of enzyme activity and the expression of stress-related genes.

There are many artificial sources of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) in the environment, with a value between 100 MHz and 6 GHz. The most frequently used signal is with a frequency of around 900 MHz. The direction of these changes positively impacts the quality of life, enabling easy communication from almost anywhere in the world.

Exposure to Magnetic Fields Changes the Behavioral Pattern in Honeybees ( L.) under Laboratory Conditions.

Earth's magnetic field (MF) plays an important role for many species, including the honeybee, in navigation. Nowadays, much larger alternating fields are emitted by miscellaneous electric infrastructure components, such as transformers and power lines, and the environment is therefore polluted by an anthropogenic electromagnetic field, though little is known regarding its impact on living organisms. The behavior of animals is the first and easiest way to establish the impact of stress.

Microwave Non-Destructive Testing for Delamination Detection in Layered Composite Pipelines.

Microwave imaging and defectoscopy are promising techniques for dielectric composite evaluation. Their most significant advantage is their relatively high penetration depth. Another feature worth noting is that traditional methods could not acquire an internal content with such a low impact on both the sample and surrounding environment, including the test operator, compared to other techniques.

Effect of the electric field at 50 Hz and variable intensities on biochemical markers in the honey bee's hemolymph.

The amount of artificial electromagnetic fields of various parameters in the honey bee's environment increases globally. So far, it had been proven that exposure to an E-field at 50 Hz can cause changes in bee's behavior, alter the activity of proteases, and enzymatic antioxidants. Due to the potentially harmful effect of this factor on honey bees, we decided to investigate the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the concentration of albumin and creatinine in bee's hemolymph after exposure to 50 Hz E-field.

Honey Bee Proteolytic System and Behavior Parameters under the Influence of an Electric Field at 50 Hz and Variable Intensities for a Long Exposure Time.

The effect of an artificial electromagnetic field on organisms is a subject of extensive public debate and growing numbers of studies. Our study aimed to show the effect of an electromagnetic field at 50 Hz and variable intensities on honey bee proteolytic systems and behavior parameters after 12 h of exposure. Newly emerged worker bees were put into cages and exposed to a 50 Hz E-field with an intensity of 5.

Changes in Honeybee Behavior Parameters under the Influence of the E-Field at 50 Hz and Variable Intensity.

EM-fields come from both natural and anthropogenic sources. This study aimed to investigate changes in honeybee behavior parameters under the influence of an electric field at 50 Hz and variable intensity. Bees were exposed for 1 h, 3 h, or 6 h to the following artificial E-field intensities: 5.

Changes in the Honeybee Antioxidant System after 12 h of Exposure to Electromagnetic Field Frequency of 50 Hz and Variable Intensity.

In recent years, on a global scale, more and more reports of a phenomenon called CCD (Colony Collapse Disorder) have been reported. In addition to pesticides, diseases, and other environmental stressors, electromagnetic fields are also mentioned as one of the possible causes of CCD. One of the body's first lines of defense against harmful factors is the antioxidant system.

[Protection of the population health from electromagnetic hazards - challenges resulting from the implementation of the 5G network planned in Poland].

There is an ongoing discussion about electromagnetic hazards in the context of the new wireless communication technology - the fifth generation (5G) standard. Concerns about safety and health hazards resulting from the influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by the designed 5G antennas have been raised. In Poland, the level of the population's exposure to EMF is limited to 7 V/m for frequencies above 300 MHz.

[Conditionings of population exposure to electromagnetic fields associated with the rational use of 5G radiocommunication networks in Poland].

In 2017, preparations were made in Poland to provide all citizens with access to the Internet at a speed of at least 30 Mb/s, and at a speed of at least 100 Mb/s for 50% of households. This goal is to be realized, among others, by means of the fifth generation (5G) radio-communication networks. This work presents the assumptions of the 5G network structure and estimates of the level of population exposure toelectromagnetic fields related to their rational use.

[Electromagnetic field in the environment - estimation methods and monitoring].

Background: The paper describes the current legal status related to electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements in the context of environmental protection. It also presents the assumptions and exemplary results obtained from the EMF National Monitoring System which, in the authors' opinion, could be more reliable and better adapted to the current state of affairs in the radiocommunication industry.

Material And Methods: A simplified method of estimating electromagnetic field intensity from various sources, including in particular cellular base stations, using their basic parameters, was described.

The influence of an electric field on growth and trace metal content in aquatic plants.

It is known that both natural and artificial electric fields (EF) affect plants physiological parameters as well as germination, growth and yield. The present article describes results of a preliminary experiment on the impact of electric field on aquatic plants biogeochemistry. The objective of the present study was the assessment of the influence exerted by the electric field on growth and trace metals content of Elodea canadensis.

Mitigation measures of electromagnetic field exposure in the vicinity of high frequency welders.

Background: Presented information about the welding process and equipment, focusing on the emission of electromagnetic field (EMF) with levels significant in terms of the labor safety regulations in force in Poland - the ordinances of the Minister of Family, Labour and Social Policy that came into force on June 27, 2016 and June 29, 2016 - emerged due to harmonization with European Union directive 2013/35/EU of 26 June 2013 of the European Parliament and the Council. They presented methods of determination of the EMF distribution in the welding machine surroundings and analyzed the background knowledge from the available literature.

Material And Methods: The subject of the analysis included popular high frequency welders widely used in the industry.

[Optimization of measurement methods for a multi-frequency electromagnetic field from mobile phone base station using broadband EMF meter].

Background: This paper presents the characteristics of the mobile phone base station (BS) as an electromagnetic field (EMF) source. The most common system configurations with their construction are described. The parameters of radiated EMF in the context of the access to methods and other parameters of the radio transmission are discussed.

Electromagnetic fields from mobile phone base station - variability analysis.

The article describes the character of electromagnetic field (EMF) in mobile phone base station (BS) surroundings and its variability in time with an emphasis on the measurement difficulties related to its pulse and multi-frequency nature. Work also presents long-term monitoring measurements performed recently in different locations in Poland - small city with dispersed building development and in major polish city - dense urban area. Authors tried to determine the trends in changing of EMF spectrum analyzing daily changes of measured EMF levels in those locations.

[TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF EXPOSURE TO MAGNETIC FIELDS OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES (ELF) IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH].

Background: Experiments on the electromagnetic field influence on organisms are an important part of biophysical studies. It is an interdisciplinary research spanning biology and medicine with the engineering in generation and measurement of electromagnetic fields. The aim of the study consists the analysis of parameters estimations and measurements of extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF MF) as well as exposure systems parameters in biomedical research.

[Electormagnetic field of the mobile phone base station: case study].

Background: The paper presents changes in the electromagnetic field intensity in a school building and its surrounding after the mobile phone base station installation on the roof of the school.

Material And Methods: The comparison of EMF intensity measured before the base station was launched (electromagnetic background measurement) and after starting its operation (two independent control measurements) is discussed.

Results: Analyses of measurements are presented and the authors also propose the method of the electromagnetic field distribution adjustment in the area of radiation antennas side lobe to reduce the intensity of the EMF level in the base station proximity.

[Technical possibilities of estimating the environmental exposure to electromagnetic fields for biomedical investigations based on cellular telephony systems].

The work addresses technical aspects of the assessment of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the environment based on cellular telephony systems. In this paper, EMF parameters, important to the biosphere exposure, are discussed, and the methods for the EMF assessment: theoretical analysis of EMF intensity in the proximity of EMF sources and also the measurements in situ, are described. The review of measurement methods, identification of limitations of measuring devices, estimation of the expected EMF intensity in the municipal environment and environmental measurements uncertainty are presented.

[Electromagnetic fields emitted in radio- and microwave- frequency range: equipment and methods for the environment protection and survey measurements].

In the paper a review of electromagnetic field sources in radio- and microwave- frequency range is presented. The aim of the study was to analyze possibilities and methods used to survey electromagnetic field (EMF) measurements. Selective and broadband methods with examples of apparatus are described.

[Reports on the impact of objects emitting electromagnetic fields on the environment: issues concerning their better understanding by non-specialists in telecommunication].

The paper presents issues concerning a better understanding of reports on the impact of objects emitting electromagnetic fields on the environment among non-specialists in telecommunication. A proposed universal model of the radiation pattern of antenna base stations to widen the information contained in environmental audits as well as a vocabulary of basic technical terms in colloquial language are discussed.

[Estimation of the restricted area related to the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of microwave relay antenna systems].

Background: The aim of the study was to analyze and modify methods used to estimate the range of restricted area corresponding with the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of microwave relay antenna systems.

Materials And Methods: In this paper a well known spherical-wave model is revised. Some drawbacks of this model in terms of the microwave relay antenna systems are shown and a method for their elimination is proposed.

[Electromagnetic fields measurements to assess workers' exposure and environmental protection: interlaboratory comparisons].

Interlaboratory comparisons (ILC) are an important element of quality systems of certified testing laboratories. It is the policy of the majority of certifying institutions to participate in ILC programs concerning research laboratories. ILC programs are technical initiatives.

[Verification of Polish regulations of maximum permissible intensities in electromagnetic fields by the Commission for Bioelectromagnetic Issues of the Polish Radiation Research Society].

Experts in the field of bioelectromagnetism have reported a growing need to verify Polish regulations on the protection against electromagnetic fields (EMF) in the 0-300 GHz range, especially in their maximal permissible intensities (MPI). There is a general belief that Polish standards do not fully comply with recommendations and directives of the European Union (EU) and that Polish regulations on the border values for environmental and occupational exposure to EMF are not harmonized. To this end, the Commission for Bioelectromagnetic Issues have been set up in the Polish Radiation Research Society.