Oral squamous cell carcinoma arising in background of oral submucous fibrosis: a clinicopathologically distinct disease.

Background: Oral cancer is the most common cancer in Indian males and is the third most common cancer in Indian females. Tobacco, alcohol, areca nut, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are the common etiologic factors. Each of these agents follows a unique model of carcinogenesis that leads to a certain distinct presentation and behavior.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in chronic areca nut chewing Indian women: Case series and review of literature.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an important public health problem in India. Several risk factors such as tobacco, human papilloma virus, alcohol, areca nut usage have been extensively studied as causative agents. Though Areca nut chewing is known cause of oral cancer, its association with hypopharynx cancer has not been previously reported.

Ocular drug delivery system: a reference to natural polymers.

Introduction: Ocular drug delivery is a very challenging endeavor due to the unique anatomical and physiological barriers. The low ocular bioavailability (<10%) obtained from conventional formulations has forced the scientists to develop new formulations to deliver drugs to ocular tissues at a controlled rate to reduce frequent instillations. The natural polymers have represented the potential to deliver drugs topically through the limited precorneal area and release over a prolonged time period.

Design and evaluation of moxifloxacin hydrochloride ocular inserts.

The objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate ocular inserts of moxifloxacin. An ocular insert was made from an aqueous dispersion of moxifloxacin, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol, and dibutyl phthalate by the film casting method. The ocular insert (5.

Evaluation of comparative free-radical quenching potential of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Mandookparni (Centella asiatica).

Ayurvedic texts describe rejuvenate measures called Rasayana to impart biological sustenance to bodily tissues. Rasayana acting specifically on brain are called Medhya Rasayana. Brahmi is one of the most commonly practiced herbs for the same.

A framework for the comparison of mobile patient monitoring systems.

A mobile patient monitoring system makes use of mobile computing and wireless communication technologies for continuous or periodic measurement and analysis of biosignals of a mobile patient. In a number of trials these systems have demonstrated their user-friendliness, convenience and effectiveness for both patients and healthcare professionals. In this paper we propose a generic architecture, associated terminology and a classificatory framework for comparing mobile patient monitoring systems.

Utility of frozen section in assessment of margins and neck node metastases in patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the tongue.

Objective: The aims of this study are to evaluate the impact of frozen section in achieving adequate surgical margin and to study the accuracy of frozen section in detection of occult metastases.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected data of 877 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who underwent surgery and intra-operative frozen section at our center from January 2007 to June 2010.

Results: Frozen section was found to have very high accuracy in assessment of margin as well nodal status.

Routine removal of the carotid sheath as part of neck dissection is unnecessary if grossly uninvolved as seen intra-operatively.

The aim of this research was to determine the pathologic invasion of the carotid sheath (CS) when found grossly uninvolved during surgery, in patients undergoing neck dissection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). A prospective study was undertaken in 70 consecutive patients with biopsy proven HNSCC, without prior history of any treatment, undergoing neck dissection, in whom the CS was found grossly uninvolved intra-operatively, were included. A total of 80 neck dissections were performed.

An open label, active controlled, multicentric clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray in adult Indian patients suffering from allergic rhinitis.

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common upper respiratory tract inflammation associated with a significant morbidity in all the age groups. Fluticasone furoate is a new potent topical glucocorticoid for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of fluticasone furoate (FF) nasal spray 110 microg/day with fluticasone propionate (FP) nasal spray 200 microg/day for the relief of symptoms of allergic rhinitis in adult Indian patients.

Unusual case of intra-arterial doxorubicin chemoembolization-associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome.

A 63-year-old white female with a history of metastatic breast cancer to the liver developed acute-onset nausea, vomiting, mental status change, and generalized seizures following transarterial chemoembolization using doxorubicin. The patient was hospitalized with the above symptoms immediately following transarterial chemoembolization using drug eluting bead doxorubicin into the right hepatic artery. The patient developed intractable nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure lasting for 40 seconds, approximately 24 hours after the procedure.

A propensity-matched study of the association of diabetes mellitus with incident heart failure and mortality among community-dwelling older adults.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for incident heart failure (HF) in older adults. However, the extent to which this association is independent of other risk factors remains unclear. Of 5,464 community-dwelling adults ≥65 years old in the Cardiovascular Health Study without baseline HF, 862 had DM (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl or treatment with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents).

Cholesterol assimilation and biotransformation by Lactobacillus helveticus.

Lactobacillus helveticus, grown at 37°C in MRS medium supplemented with 3 mM cholesterol, assimilated all the cholesterol in 42 h having 68 U mg(-1) of intracellular cholesterol oxidase activity. The strain transformed 1 g cholesterol to 0.05 g of androsta-1, 4-diene-3, 17-dione and 0.

Urine biomarkers predict acute kidney injury and mortality in very low birth weight infants.

Objectives: To test the hypothesis that noninvasive urinary biomarkers may improve early identification, differentiate causes, and predict outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) in very low birth weight subjects.

Study Design: We performed 2 nested case-control studies to compare the ability of 6 urine biomarkers to predict AKI (rise in serum creatinine of at least 0.3 mg/dL) and mortality (death before 36 weeks postmenstrual age).

Metastatic tumors to the jaw bones: retrospective analysis from an Indian tertiary referral center.

Aim: Being a tertiary referral center, we encounter the highest number of oral cancer patients in India, and there is direct involvement of the jaw bone in approximately 40% of these cases. There are no large case series from the Indian subcontinent on metastatic tumors to the jaw bones. With this retrospective analysis, we intend to estimate the incidence of this rare manifestation in the jaw bones in our patients and compare it with the available literature.

Relationship between stage of kidney disease and incident heart failure in older adults.

Background: The relationship between stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and incident heart failure (HF) remains unclear.

Methods: Of the 5,795 community-dwelling adults ≥65 years in the Cardiovascular Health Study, 5,450 were free of prevalent HF and had baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR: ml/min/1.73 m(2)) data.

Association between smoking and outcomes in older adults with atrial fibrillation.

Tobacco smoking is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about the impact of smoking in patients with AF. Of the 4060 patients with recurrent AF in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) trial, 496 (12%) reported having smoked during the past two years. Propensity scores for smoking were estimated for each of the 4060 patients using a multivariable logistic regression model and were used to assemble a matched cohort of 487 pairs of smokers and nonsmokers, who were balanced on 46 baseline characteristics.

A clinical trial to assess the immunogenicity and safety of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine (Whole Virion) IP (Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine; VaxiFlu-S™) in healthy Indian adult population.

Background: The pandemic of H1N1 2009 influenza has spread world over and low degree of virus transmission has continued in several regions of India.

Aims: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of Pandemic Influenza (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent Vaccine in healthy adult Indian population.

Settings And Design: Prospective, open label, multicentric, phase 2/3 clinical trial.

Evaluation of free-radical quenching properties of standard Ayurvedic formulation Vayasthapana Rasayana.

Background: Cellular damage induced by free-radicals like Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS) has been implicated in several disorders and diseases, including ageing. Hence naturally occurring anti-oxidant rich-herbs play a vital role in combating these conditions. The present study was carried out to investigate the in vitro free-radical quenching capacity of a known Ayurvedic poly-herbal formulation called Vayasthapana Rasayana.

Rectal gel application of Withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in TNBS-induced inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is marked with chronic inflammation of intestinal epithelium driven by oxidative stress. Traditional treatments with plant extracts gained renewed interest due to their ability to ameliorate the multi factorial conditions like inflammation. We investigated the beneficial effects of Withania somnifera in Trinitro Benzyl Sulfonic Acid (TNBS) induced experimental IBD through a rectally applicable formulation.

Extrapyramidal symptoms with concomitant use of amitriptyline and amiodarone in an elderly patient.

Background: Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant useful for the treatment of depression. Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic agent used for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias.

Objective: The objective of the current report is to describe the case of a previously asymptomatic patient receiving amitriptyline who developed extrapyramidal symptoms within 1 month of initiating concomitant treatment with amiodarone for atrial fibrillation.

Effect of Plant Extracts Formulated in Different Ointment Bases on MDR Strains.

Extracts of Aloe vera whole plant, Eucalyptus globulus leaves, Ficus infectoria bark, Ficus religiosa bark and Piper betel leaves were studied for antibacterial activity on resistant and sensitive strains, isolated from skin and soft tissue infections. A combination of hot alcoholic extracts of Ficus infectoria, Ficus religiosa and Piper betel were found to be more effective against all the isolates. The combined extract was formulated in different ointment bases such as polyethylene glycol, gelatin, sodium alginate, carbopol, cream base and honey.