Experience of on-site disposal of production uranium-graphite nuclear reactor.

The paper reported the experience gained in the course of decommissioning EI-2 Production Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactor. EI-2 was a production Uranium-Graphite Nuclear Reactor located on the Production and Demonstration Center for Uranium-Graphite Reactors JSC (PDC UGR JSC) site of Seversk City, Tomsk Region, Russia. EI-2 commenced its operation in 1958, and was shut down on December 28, 1990, having operated for the period of 33 years all together.

[Personalized cell therapy for early postoperative bullous keratopathy (experimental proof and clinical results)].

The article presents the results of a long-term research on development and clinical application of personalized cell therapy (PCT) for treatment of early postoperative (manifesting within the first 3 months after surgery) bullous keratopathy (BK). The method of intracameral PCT implies in vitro incubation of the patient's blood sample with poly(A:U) stimulator, separation of the serum with activated leukocytes, and injection of the final cell preparation into the anterior chamber. The fundamental part of the research was aimed at a detailed description of the cell preparation and investigation of its possible mechanisms of action.

[Study of the three-dimensional structure and biointegrative characteristics of porous orbital implant materials].

Plastic repair operations in ophthalmic surgery frequently require the use of various biological and artificial implants. The biointegrative properties of implants are provided by the physicochemical characteristics of the material that is used to make them, by the three-dimensional structure of an implant and its immunological characteristics. The authors comparatively studied the three-dimensional structure of a Carbotexim-M carbonic felt, porous polyethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, demineralized bone alloimplant, and marine coral hydroxyapatite, which are employed in orbital surgery and also examined the adhesion of fibroblasts to their surface.

[Pavlyuk--antioxidant "Gistochrom" in the complex treatment of intraocular hemorrhages in children].

We studied the efficiency of Russian antioxidant Gistochrom in the treatment of intraocular hemorrhages of different genesis in children. Gistochrom was used in 407 children (449 eyes), aged 1 month to 14 years, with traumatic hyphema, hemophthalmos, hemorrhages in the eye bottom, hemorrhagic retinovasculitis, recurrent hephema, diabetic retinopathy, hemorrhages after reconstruction of the anterior chamber with cataract extraction, neuritis, retinopathy of prematures as well as with uveitis with a pronounced exudative component, with signs of retinal edema and of reactive pappilitis. Gistochrom has an intense action on blood resorption in structures of the eye ball as observed in traumas and lesions of internal eye tunics with hemorrhages.

[Quant therapy and the composition of the moister of the eye anterior chamber (an experimental study)].

We examined 12 rabbits, 6 of whom (12 eyes) were exposed to magneto-infrared laser radiation (MILR) and another 6 (12 eyes) were controls. The parameters of pulse and continuous infrared LED radiation were as follows: wavelength--860 nm, pulse capacity--2 W, mean radiation capacity--10 mW, magnetic field strength--up to 17 mTl. A study of the moister of the anterior chamber showed a MILR-induced activated metabolism, i.

[Local express auto-cytokine therapy (a complex of cytokines) in the treatment of viral and nonviral eye lesions].

The method of local express-autocytocinetherapy (LEACCT) consists in using an experimentally tested autologous complex of cytokines (alpha- beta- gamma-interferons, interleukins 2.8, tumor necrosis factor gamma etc.), which is produced by joining the autoblood of patients with immune-modulator poludan (complex poly A:poly U).

[Theoretical validation of local express auto-cytokine therapy].

Theoretical validation for local express autocytokine therapy (LEACKT), used in recent years with good results for the treatment of viral and nonviral diseases of the eyes, is provided. In vitro experiments showed that autologous cytokine complex appearing after stimulation of patient's peripheral whole blood with poludan (polyA:polyY complex, 200 micrograms) includes all three interferon types (alpha, beta, and gamma) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). It was shown for the first time that poludan stimulated the production of IL-8, the main chemotactic cytokine inducing chemotaxis, neutrophil activation, angiogenesis stimulation, and regeneration.

[Role and significance of structural, metabolic and functional disorders of mononuclear phagocytes in pathogenesis of caseous pneumonia].

Comprehensive clinical, X-ray, cytochemical, morphological, biochemical, and immunological studies of 14 patients with caseous pneumonia have provided evidence that significant structural, metabolic, and functional disorders of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) play a leading role in the pathogenesis of acute tuberculosis. Structural and metabolic disorders of macrophages and monocytes in patients with caseous pneumonia result from impaired mitochondrial oxidation and glycolysis, aggregation and latinization of the membranes of lysosomes, release of their contents into the cytosol with damages to intracellular structures and the cellular membrane itself. This is also suggested by a drastic rise in the production of prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, prostaglandins E2 in particular, in the supernatants of cultured monocytes (100 nM).

Contact Effects of Mononuclear Cells on L929 Fibroblast Morphological Phenotype.

We studied the contact interactions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and transformed mouse fibroblast cell line L929 (L-cells), namely their effects on morphological phenotype of L-cells. The morphological characteristics of the fibroblast, (cell area, nucleus-cytoplasmic ratio, cell spreading, cell shape) were estimated with the aid of fight scanning microscopy, followed by computer image analysis. Contact interaction between fibroblasts and MNC caused normalization of morphological phenotype of the fibroblasts (increase of cell area, shape factor, spreading and decrease of nucleus-cytoplasmic ratio).

[Phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors and patients with corneal allotransplantation under conditions of hyperbaric oxygenation].

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the possible immunomodulating effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on the immune status of patients with various ophthalmopathies and developing the graft-versus-host reaction after perforating keratoplasty. Surface phenotype of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by two-color flow cytofluorometry in donors and patients with the rejection syndrome after transplantation of the cornea before and after a course of oxygen therapy. HBO exerted no immunodepressive effect, as judged from changes in the subpopulation composition (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, and CD56+) and expression of activation markers (CD25 and HLA-DR), in both patients and donors.

[Increased apoptosis of immunocompetent cells as a possible mechanism in the development of immunodeficiency in patients with acutely progressive tuberculosis].

The formation of immunodeficiency whose likely mechanism is apoptosis of some immunocompetent cells was studied in 35 patients with caseous pneumonia. The leading clinical sign of apoptosis in acutely progressive tuberculosis is significant lymphopenia (4-10%). Immunological studies indicated a substantial reduction in the count of T lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations of different phenotypes.

[The activation processes of T-lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes by direct double-color immunofluorescence, investigation of metabolic activity of succinate dehydrogenase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, NAD- and NADP-diaphorases were performed in 77 tuberculous patients and 50 healthy donors. Activation of T-lymphocytes and their regulatory subpopulations is shown to depend on the extension of lung infiltration. At the same time, there were marked disorders in intracellular metabolism of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

[A comparative study of the expression of activation markers on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in different forms of bronchial asthma].

In this study we investigated a phenotype of intact and PHA-stimulated T-lymphocytes from peripheral blood of patients with allergic and nonallergic asthma. Expression of the activation markers (CD25, CD71, HLA-DR) on subsets of T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) was determined using double-colour flow cytometry. It was found that nonallergic patients had increased percentages of CD4+CD25+, CD8+CD25+, CD4+HLA-DR+, CD8+HLA-DR+ cells.

[Cellular and intracellular markers of lymphocyte activation in patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis].

The authors investigated markers of activation of CD25-, CD71- and HLD-DR molecules on CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes simultaneously with cytochemical activity of the main energetic and synthetic enzymes in 34 patients with new-onset infiltrative tuberculosis of the lungs and in 30 healthy controls. It was found that reduced number of effector and regulatory lymphocyte subpopulations was recorded only in patients with advanced infiltrative tuberculosis in line with a sharp decline in enzymatic and functional activity of immunocompetent cells. In local infiltrative tuberculosis impairment of activation processes occurs only at intracellular level in time of energy metabolism shift to predominant glycolysis, this allowing lymphocytes to persist functionally active.

[Colonic esophagoplasty in the treatment of postburn esophageal stricture].

In patients aged from 2.5 to 67 years 56 esophagoplasties were done. The authors prefer the left half of the colon application with the blood supply through the middle colonic artery and with antiperistaltic transplant position.

[Mechanism of reflux and prevention of the pulmonary effects of aspiration after retrosternal colonoplasty for esophageal atresia in neonates and infants].

The article discusses the causes of the development and prevention of gastrointestinal reflux in the early period after colonic retrosternal plasty of the esophagus in the newborns and infants. The mechanism of reflux linked with flotation of pleural sacs in the retrosternal tunnel, producing a pumping effect, is described. As a preventive measure the authors recommend postponing the cervical anastomosis for 12-14 days and forming a narrow retrosternal tuppel for the graft.

[Complex assessment of the production of 3 variants of interleukin-1 by human peripheral blood monocytes].

In vitro production of intracellular, membrane-associated and secreted interleukin-1 was investigated by peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors. Activity of three IL-1 variants was assayed by the proliferation of responsive C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes. Complex evaluation of IL-1 pools production by human PBM would provide a key to a better understanding of various diseases pathogenesis.