Extended-Release Mixed Amphetamine Salts for Comorbid Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Cannabis Use Disorder: A Pilot, Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Objective: To determine if treatment of co-occurring adult ADHD and Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) with extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-ER) would be effective at improving ADHD symptoms and promoting abstinence.

Method: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, two-arm pilot feasibility trial of adults with comorbid ADHD and CUD ( = 28) comparing MAS-ER (80 mg) to placebo. Main outcomes: ADHD: ≥30% symptom reduction, measured by the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS).

Open Label Pilot of Lorcaserin (a serotonin 2C-receptor agonist) for Cannabis Use Disorder.

Background And Objective: Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) has no FDA approved treatment. Serotonin-2c (5HT2c) agonists have preclinical and human laboratory evidence for potential efficacy for CUD. We assessed the tolerability and effects of lorcaserin (5HT2c agonist) on CUD.

Open label trial of lofexidine-assisted non-opioid induction onto naltrexone extended-release injection for opioid use disorder.

Opioid use disorder (OUD) continues to be major public health problem in the US and innovative medication strategies are needed. The extended-release injectable formulation of naltrexone (ER-NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, is an effective treatment for OUD, but the need for an opioid-free period during the induction phase of treatment is a barrier to treatment success, particularly in the outpatient setting. Lofexidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, is an effective treatment for opioid withdrawal.

Secondary Analysis of Agreement Between Negative Timeline Follow Back Report and Negative Urine Toxicology in a Large Trial of Individuals with Opioid Use Disorder.

Objectives: Timeline follow-back (TLFB) is a self-report measure commonly used as a method of assessing historical drug use in both clinical and research settings. Our study considered rates of agreement between TLFB and an objective biological assay of opioid use.

Methods: We calculated the rates of agreement between negative report of opioid use for the most recent 8 days on TLFB and urine toxicology (UTOX) results in a large multisite opioid use disorder treatment trial.

Cardiovascular variability, sociodemographics, and biomarkers of disease: the MIDUS study.

Like heart rate, blood pressure (BP) is not steady but varies over intervals as long as months to as short as consecutive cardiac cycles. This blood pressure variability (BPV) consists of regularly occurring oscillations as well as less well-organized changes and typically is computed as the standard deviation of multiple clinic visit-to-visit (VVV-BP) measures or from 24-h ambulatory BP recordings (ABPV). BP also varies on a beat-to-beat basis, quantified by methods that parse variation into discrete bins, e.

Culturally tailored digital therapeutic for substance use disorders with urban Indigenous people in the United States: A randomized controlled study.

Introduction: Indigenous people experience health disparities, including higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs). Digital therapeutics are a growing platform for treatment services and have the potential to expand access to culturally responsive interventions for Indigenous people. As one of the first randomized controlled trials for SUDs for American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) adults, the aim of this study was to pilot test the efficacy of a culturally tailored intervention among urban Indigenous adults.

Clinical and psychosocial outcomes by sex among individuals prescribed buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) for opioid use disorder.

Background And Objectives: Limited research has explored sex differences in opioid use disorder medication (MOUD) treatment outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine MOUD initiation onto buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) versus extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) by sex, and sex differences in clinical and psychosocial outcomes.

Methods: Using data from a 24-week open-label comparative effectiveness trial of BUP-NX or XR-NTX, this study examined MOUD initiation (i.

Homelessness and Treatment Outcomes Among Black Adults With Opioid Use Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of X:BOT.

Objective: We sought to identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with homelessnesss, and explore the relationship between homelessnesss and treatment outcomes among Black individuals.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of the subgroup of Black participants (n = 73) enrolled in "X:BOT," a 24-week multisite randomized clinical trial comparing the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus sublingual buprenorphine-naloxone (n = 570). Outcomes included medication initiation, return to extramedical use of opioids assessed by both self-report and urine toxicology, and engagement in medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) treatment at 28 weeks postrandomization.

Cocaine use disorder patients develop distinct patterns of regulation of acth secretion by a vasopressin agonist and oxytocin: Report on a laboratory study.

Background: Oxytocin and Vasopressin systems in the brain sustain adaptation to stressors. Cocaine being a stressor, it may alter brain homeostatic function. This dysregulation may entrench cocaine use disorder.

Cerebrovascular Phenotype in Fabry Disease Patients Assessed by Ultrasound.

Objectives: Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disorder with variable phenotypes, including neurological symptoms. These can be influenced by vascular impairment. Extracranial and transcranial vascular sonography is an effective and noninvasive method for measuring arterial structures and blood flow.

Trajectories of depression among patients in treatment for opioid use disorder: A growth mixture model secondary analysis of the XBOT trial.

Background And Objectives: To inform clinical practice, we identified subgroups of adults based on levels of depression symptomatology over time during opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment.

Methods: Participants were 474 adults in a 24-week treatment trial for OUD. Depression symptoms were measured using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) at nine-time points.

Time-lagged association between counseling and/or 12-Step attendance with subsequent opioid use in a secondary analysis from a randomized, clinical trial of medications for opioid use disorder.

Introduction: Psychosocial support is recommended in conjunction with medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), although optimal "dose," modality, and timing of participation is not established. This study comprised a secondary analysis of counseling and 12-Step attendance and subsequent opioid use in a MOUD randomized clinical trial.

Methods: The parent study randomly assigned 570 participants to receive buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX, =287) or extended-release injectable naltrexone (XR-NTX, =283).

Patient Characteristics Associated with Opioid Abstinence after Participation in a Trial of Buprenorphine versus Injectable Naltrexone.

Better understanding of predictors of opioid abstinence among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) may help to inform interventions and personalize treatment plans. This analysis examined patient characteristics associated with opioid abstinence in the X:BOT (Extended-Release Naltrexone versus Buprenorphine for Opioid Treatment) trial. This post-hoc analysis examined factors associated with past-month opioid abstinence at the 36-week follow-up visit among participants in the X:BOT study.

Polysubstance use before and during treatment with medication for opioid use disorder: Prevalence and association with treatment outcomes.

Objective: Polysubstance use may complicate treatment outcomes for individuals who use opioids. This research aimed to examine the prevalence of polysubstance use in an opioid use disorder treatment trial population and polysubstance use's association with opioid relapse and craving.

Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of individuals with opioid use disorder who received at least one dose of medication (n = 474) as part of a 24-week, multi-site, open label, randomized Clinical Trials Network study (CTN0051, X:BOT) comparing the effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine.

Methamphetamine/amphetamine use over time among persons with opioid use disorders treated with buprenorphine/naloxone versus extended-release naltrexone.

Background: Methamphetamine use is increasing among persons with opioid use disorder (OUD). The study aims were to describe methamphetamine/amphetamine (MA/A) use among patients treated for OUD with buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP-NX) or extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX), and to explore associations between treatment arm and MA/A use.

Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-site, open-label, randomized controlled trial of XR-NTX versus BUP-NX for 24 weeks.

Evaluation of Physician Assistants' Self-Reported Attitudes and Behaviors After Completion of a Hospital-Wide Multidisciplinary Communication Skills Training Workshop.

Physician's assistants (PA) are an integral part of hospital teams. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of a multidisciplinary hospital-wide communication skills training (CST) workshop on PAs. From November 2017 to November 2019, all participants in the CST workshop were sent a web-based retrospective pre-post survey to measure self-reported attitudes and behaviors related to communicating with patients, CST, and specific skills taught.

Multiomics subtyping for clinically prognostic cancer subtypes and personalized therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Multiomics cancer subtyping is becoming increasingly popular for directing state-of-the-art therapeutics. However, these methods have never been systematically assessed for their ability to capture cancer prognosis for identified subtypes, which is essential to effectively treat patients.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Pan-Cancer Atlas for multiomics cancer subtyping studies from 2010 through 2019.

Intranasal oxytocin may improve odds of abstinence in cocaine-dependent patients: results from a preliminary study.

Background: Oxytocin (OT) treatment in drug addiction studies have suggested potential therapeutic benefits. There is a paucity of clinical trial studies of oxytocin in cocaine use disorders.

Method: This was a 6-week randomized, double-blind, outpatient clinical trial study investigating the effect of daily Intranasal Oxytocin (24 IU) on cocaine use by cocaine use disorder patients.

Baseline- and treatment-associated pain in the X:BOT comparative effectiveness study of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for OUD.

Chronic pain is highly prevalent among patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). However, little is known about how pharmacological treatments for OUD, for example, extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX), affect pain. To begin addressing this question, we performed a secondary analysis of pain data on a large prospective 24-week, open-label, randomized-controlled comparative effectiveness trial of XR-NTX versus BUP-NX (X:BOT trial).

Differential Treatment Response Between Hypochondriasis With and Without Prominent Somatic Symptoms.

Health anxiety may exist with or without prominent somatic symptoms, but the impact of somatic symptoms on treatment response is unclear. The study objective was to examine this question further as symptom burden may impact choice of type of treatment. This exploratory study used a unique database from a prior trial of 193 individuals with DSM-IV hypochondriasis who had been randomly assigned to either cognitive behavioral therapy, fluoxetine, combined therapy, or placebo.

Is extended release naltrexone superior to buprenorphine-naloxone to reduce drinking among outpatients receiving treatment for opioid use disorder? A secondary analysis of the CTN X:BOT trial.

Background: The comparative effectiveness of extended-release naltrexone versus buprenorphine-naloxone for opioid relapse prevention (X:BOT) trial showed that following induction, treatment with the sublingual agonist (buprenorphine-naloxone, BUP-NX) or injected antagonist (extended release naltrexone, XR-NTX) produced similar reductions in opioid relapse in injection users with opioid use disorder (OUD). Because XR-NTX reduces drinking in alcohol use disorder (AUD), we conducted a secondary analysis of the X:BOT sample of patients successfully inducted onto treatment to determine whether XR-NTX (n = 204) was superior to BUP-NX (n = 270) in reducing drinking or heavy drinking in patients with OUD.

Methods: Standard drink units consumed were measured using the Timeline Follow-back method.

Durable Viral Suppression Among People with HIV and Problem Substance Use in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Treatment.

This study explored factors associated with durable viral suppression (DVS) among two groups of people living with HIV (PLWH) and problem substance use in the context of universal antiretroviral treatment initiation. Participants (N = 99) were recruited between 2014-2017 from public sexual health clinics [SHC] and a hospital detoxification unit [detox]). DVS (NYC HIV surveillance registry) was defined as two consecutive viral load tests ≤ 200 copies/mL, ≤ 90 days apart, with all other viral loads suppressed over 12 or 18 months.