Follow-up of non-palpable testicular incidentalomas under 1 cm: does growth rate differentiate malignant and non-malignant lesions?

Objective: To determine whether small, incidentally detected testicular lesions can be safely followed up, by assessing growth rate and volume threshold for benign vs. malignant lesions.

Methods: This retrospective observational study includes a consecutive series of 130 testicular incidentalomas < 1 cm and with negative tumour markers identified from October 2001 to November 2022, which were initially followed up with ultrasound.

Gas-containing renal stones: a red flag for renal infection.

Background: Gas in the renal excretory system is described as a consequence of recent procedures but it can be a sign of severe conditions such as fistulas or infections; however, gas-containing renal stones are only rarely encountered.

Purpose: To describe the association of gas-containing renal stones and urinary tract infection.

Material And Methods: We performed a retrospective evaluation of the clinical and imaging findings in a series of six patients with gas-containing renal stones and compared our findings with those of patients with gas-containing renal stones reported in the literature.

Grayscale and color Doppler features of testicular lymphoma.

Pooled data from 16 radiology centers were retrospectively analyzed to seek patients with pathologically proven testicular lymphoma and grayscale and color Doppler images available for review. Forty-three cases were found: 36 (84%) primary and 7 (16%) secondary testicular lymphoma. With unilateral primary lymphoma, involvement was unifocal (n = 10), multifocal (n = 11), or diffuse (n = 11).

Incidentally detection of non-palpable testicular nodules at scrotal ultrasound: what is new?

The increased use of ultrasound in patients with urological and andrological symptoms has given an higher detection of intra-testicular nodules. Most of these lesions are hypoechoic and their interpretation is often equivocal. Recently, new ultrasound techniques have been developed alongside of B-mode and color-Doppler ultrasound.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in nephrology: Has the time come for its widespread use?

Grey-scale ultrasound has an important diagnostic role in nephrology. The absence of ionizing radiations and nephrotoxicity, rapidity of execution, excellent repeatability, the possibility to perform the test at the patient's bed and the low cost represent important advantages of this technique. Paired with real-time sonography and colour-power-Doppler contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) reduces the diagnostic gap with computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) and represents a major step in the evolution of clinical ultrasound.

Children and adults varicocele: diagnostic issues and therapeutical strategies.

Varicocele is defined as abnormally dilated scrotal veins. It is present in 15 % of normal males and in 40 % of males with infertility. This disorder is a challenge for the physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment, as the pathophysiology of varicocele is not yet completely understood.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings in a case of renal extramedullary hematopoiesis.

We present the case of an 80-year-old man with two renal solid masses found at sonography, which were imaged by contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CT, and MRI and confirmed histologically. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound findings suggested a benign mass and a CT-guided biopsy yielded a diagnosis of extramedullary hematopoiesis.

Cystic lesions and scrotal fluid collections in adults: Ultrasound findings.

The widespread use of scrotal ultrasonography (US) has led to increased detection of testicular and extratesticular pathologies. Cystic or encapsulated fluid collections are relatively common benign lesions that usually present as palpable testicular lumps. Most cysts arise in the epidydimis, but all anatomical structures of the scrotum can be the site of their origin.

Role of contrast enhanced ultrasound in acute scrotal diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with acute scrotal pain not defined at ultrasound (US) with colour Doppler .

Methods: CEUS was carried out in 50 patients with acute scrotal pain or scrotal trauma showing testicular lesion of undefined nature at US. The accuracy of US and CEUS findings versus definitive diagnosis (surgery or follow-up) was calculated.

Contrast enhanced ultrasound of renal diseases.

With the advent of microbubble contrast agents and contrast-specific techniques, contrast enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) has become a powerful additional tool for radiological imaging. When microbubbles are administered intravenously, the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound (US) can approach those of computed tomography (CT) and magnetice resonance (MR) with the advantages of no radiation, lower cost and the possibility of their use in patients with renal failure or in intensive care units. Functional (perfusional) information can be obtained in addition to morphologic information, often making further imaging unnecessary.

Contrast-enhanced US evaluation in patients with blunt abdominal trauma().

Introduction: To evaluate the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Materials And Methods: A total of 133 hemodynamically stable patients were evaluated using ultrasonography (US), CEUS and multislice Computer Tomography (CT) da eliminare.

Results: In 133 patients, CT identified 84 lesions: 48 cases of splenic injury, 21 of liver injury, 13 of kidney or adrenal gland injury and 2 of pancreatic injury.

Clinical uroradiology: the standardisation of terminology for lower urinary tract function and dysfunction.

A key problem in clinical practice and research regards effective communication and comparison of results. This is particularly difficult between different specialities that use different definitions and terms for lower urinary tract dysfunction. We therefore tried to adapt the document on the "Standardisation of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function" prepared by the International Continence Society for radiologists who need to acquire some basic clinical experience in the interpretation of the symptoms and signs encountered during simple urodynamic studies in order to increase the effectiveness of imaging studies of the lower urinary tract in men and women.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in blunt abdominal trauma: considerations after 5 years of experience.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic capability of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in a large series of patients with blunt abdominal trauma.

Materials And Methods: We studied 133 haemodynamically stable patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Patients were assessed by ultrasonography (US), CEUS and multislice computed tomography (MSCT) with and without administration of a contrast agent.

Sonographic features of acute colonic diverticulitis.

Acute colonic diverticulitis is a common cause of acute abdominal symptoms, especially in elderly patients. Sonography is frequently used as the initial imaging modality because of its ready availability. This pictorial essay aims to provide an overview of the sonographic features of acute colonic diverticulitis and of the more common differential diagnosis.

Painful penile induration: imaging findings and management.

A number of benign and malignant diseases with different causes, clinical features, management, and outcome can manifest as painful penile induration. The most common such conditions are active Peyronie disease, inflammation, trauma, venous or corporal thrombosis, acute ischemic disorders, and primary or secondary tumors. In patients with painful penile induration, a preliminary differential diagnosis is based on the patient's history and results of laboratory studies, penile inspection, and palpation.

Comparison of 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine-enhanced MRI in 471 patients with known or suspected renal lesions: results of a multicenter, single-blind, interindividual, randomized clinical phase III trial.

The purpose of this phase III clinical trial was to compare two different extracellular contrast agents, 1.0 M gadobutrol and 0.5 M gadopentate dimeglumine, for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with known or suspected focal renal lesions.

Contrast-enhanced US of the prostate with time/intensity curves: Preliminary results.

Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of ultrasonography using second-generation contrast agent in the study of patients with focal prostate lesions and increased serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level.

Materials And Methods: SIX CONSECUTIVE PATIENTS (AGE RANGE: 72-87 years) with increased PSA (≥4 ng/ml) underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) followed by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with injection of second-generation contrast agent. All patients showed areas of abnormal echostructure suspicious for neoplastic lesions.

Blunt abdominal trauma: diagnostic performance of contrast-enhanced US in children--initial experience.

Purpose: To prospectively compare the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography (US) with those of contrast material-enhanced US in the depiction of solid organ injuries in children with blunt abdominal trauma, with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: The study protocol was approved by the ethics board, and written informed consent was obtained from parents. US, contrast-enhanced US, and contrast-enhanced CT were performed in 27 consecutive children (19 boys, eight girls; mean age, 8.

Renal ultrasonography in critically ill patients.

Acute renal failure is a sudden and sustained decrease in the glomerular filtration rate associated with a loss of excretory function and the accumulation of metabolic waste products and water. It leads to an increase in serum urea and creatinine, usually with a decrease in urine output. Although routine surveillance of patients by means of laboratory examinations has been well defined, very little is known about renal imaging.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for blunt abdominal trauma.

Sonography is widely used in the initial diagnostic assessment of blunt abdominal trauma in adults and children. It has been formally incorporated worldwide into the routine armamentarium available for emergency diagnosis and treatment as a means of rapid detection of free abdominal fluid, normally referred to as FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma). However, there is some controversy regarding its value because free abdominal fluid may be lacking in patients with abdominal organ injuries from blunt trauma.

Hematoma into peritoneum following transrectal echo-guide prostate biopsy inducing lower abdominal and urinary tract symptoms.

A 58 years man was submitted to a sextant echo-guided transrectal prostate biopsy. Three weeks later he started complaining of lower abdominal and urinary tract symptoms. Abdominal ultrasound and 3D contrast enhanced CT detected an ovular shaped and capsulated 140 cc volume mass into the peritoneum compressing the bladder.