Essential Oil Constituents as Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Agents: An Insight through Microglia Modulation.

Microglia are key players in the brain's innate immune response, contributing to homeostatic and reparative functions but also to inflammatory and underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Targeting microglia and modulating their function may have therapeutic potential for mitigating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The anti-inflammatory properties of essential oils suggest that some of their components may be useful in regulating microglial function and microglial-associated neuroinflammation.

Differences in Histological Subtypes of Invasive Lobular Breast Carcinoma According to Immunohistochemical Molecular Classification.

Unlabelled: The technical complexity of gene expression profiling in routine practice has necessitated the use of surrogate molecular classification of breast cancer, based on immunohistochemical analyses.

Background And Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the differences between histological and molecular subtypes of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast, in order to be able to predict the behavior and prognosis of the disease, as well as to effectively determine therapy.

Material And Methods: This study included 263 cases of breast ILC diagnosed over a seven-year period.

Constituents of and with Potential Immunomodulatory Activity.

In this investigation, chromatographic separations of the diethyl ether extracts of two European annual taxa, and , yielded nine new natural products, namely, a series of esters of stereoisomeric tetradeca-5,7,9,11-tetraen-1-ols (- and ), a tetra-unsaturated γ-tetradecalactone (), a dibenzylbutyrolactone lignan (7-oxoarcitin, ), a falcarinol-related 17-membered macrolide () possessing a conjugated diyne-system, and an acylphloroglucinol derivative (). All these new compounds were fully characterized by NMR, IR, UV, MS, and optical rotation measurement, including H NMR full spin spectral simulation, whereas the absolute configurations of , , and were determined via chemical correlations and NMR analysis of Mosher esters. The in vitro potential immunomodulatory activities of , , , and (+)-arcitin were assessed by determining their effects on the functional properties of isolated rat splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages.

Immunomodulatory activity of marine natural products: Synthesis, spectral characterization and toxicity assessment of natural and related synthetic iodinated tyramides.

The toxicity of natural marine iodoarenes or their synthetic counterparts is widely unknown despite the fact that triiodothyronine and thyroxine are members of this class. In this work we aimed to expand such knowledge on iodinated marine natural products and tested an ascidian (Didemnum rubeum) metabolite, N-(3,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethyl)benzamide, together with closely related synthetic iodinated tyramides: N-(2,5-diiodo-4-methoxyphenethyl)benzamide, N-(3-iodo-4-methoxyphenethyl)benzamide, N-(4-methoxyphenethyl)benzamide, and N-(3-iodo-4-methoxyphenethyl)formamide, for their effect on the viability of rat macrophages, as well as acute toxicity on Artemia salina. The tested tyramides exerted a varying degree of toxicity towards brine shrimps, but in certain cases, the determined lethal concentrations were even lower than those of known toxicants (e.

Toxic essential oils: anxiolytic, antinociceptive and antimicrobial properties of the yarrow Achillea umbellata Sibth. et Sm. (Asteraceae) volatiles.

Many plant species are used for medicinal purposes without the knowledge of their possible toxic effect. The ethnopharmacologically renowned genus Achillea L. (Asteraceae) is even more troublesome in this respect since different taxa are believed to have the same beneficial properties as A.

An approach to malignant mammary phyllodes tumors detection.

Background/aim: Mammary phyllodes tumors (MPT) are uncommon fibroepithelial (biphasic) neoplasms whose clinical behavior is difficult to predict on the basis of histological criteria only. They are divided into benign, borderline malignant and malignant groups. Sometimes it appears difficult to distinguish these tumors from other types of soft tissue sarcomas.

[Granular-cell tumor: a rare variant of mammary tumor].

Background: Granular cell tumor (GCT) is a rare variant of mammary tumor beset with diagnostic dilemmas that may be resolved by using numerous, very complex, enzymohistochemical and immunohistochemical methods.

Case Reports: We reported three female patients 16, 21 and 65 years old, operated on for mammary tumor at the Surgical Clinic of the School of Medicine in Nis, over the period of thirty years, 1977 to 2007. During this period 14.

The effect of calcium channel blocker verapamil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats.

Aminoglycoside antibiotics are obligated nephrotoxins and inevitably cause renal failure during prolonged use. Experimental models of gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity have shown histopathological, ultrastructural and functional alteration with blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increase leading to acute renal insufficiency (ARI). The aim of our study was to emphasize effects of verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, on gentamicin-induced ARI in rats.