[Transfusion practice in trauma patient].

Anemia is common in critically ill patients and carries risk of reduced oxygen carriage and worse outcomes. Transfusion, however, carry their own risk, and the physician must balance the risks of anemia with the risk of transfusion in each patient. Some recent studies compared a liberal with a restrictive approach to transfusion, and a clinical practice guidelines were made.

[Oversights in the care of severe injuries].

Question of missed injuries is more often a question of human errors: task execution errors, procedural errors, communication errors, decision errors and noncompliance. Missed injuries are those which are not idetified in the first three days of hospitalisaation. This theme is not popular among physicians.

[Abdominal compartment sydrome in trauma patients].

Intra-abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) are increasingly recognised to be a contributing cause of organ dysfunction and mortality in critically ill patients. The term abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) describes the clinical manifestations of the pathologic elevation of the intra abdominal pressure (IAP). This syndrome is most commonly observed in the setting of severe abdominal trauma.

[Liver injuries].

The liver is the most commonly injured abdominal organ. Severe hepatic trauma continue to be associated with high mortality. Management of liver injuries has changed significantly over the last two decades.

[Hanging manuever in liver trauma].

The phylosophy of aggressive surgical approach, its complete implementation in liver trauma surgery did not appear efficient. No matter of permanenent development of diagnostic imaging methods, anesthesia, intensive therapy, medical technology and suture materials, operational theater and operative tchniques, major liver resections in trauma had mortality rate up to 60%. With introduction of computerized tomography (CT, 1981) in everyday clinical praxis and with better evaluation of trauma patients, the whole approach to liver trauma patient has been redesigned.

[Surgical treatment of injuries of the stomach and duodenum in abdominal trauma].

Injuries of the stomach and duodenum have an important place in abdominal trauma, even though that the isolated injuries are rare. This kind of injury is most commonly associated with injuries of other abdominal organs. This retrospective study has been done at the Department of Emergency Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, during the period from January 2004.

[Laparoscopy in the evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma].

Laparoscopic diagnostics provides fast, reliable, clear, and obvious information on extent and depth of abdominal organs injury with minimizing additional trauma to the patient. It is performed without any specific preparations and, if needed, it may be promptly converted into conventional laparotomy. Through use of optical equipment with various refraction angles and through variable patient positioning, laparoscopic technique enables visualization of whole abdominal cavity.

[Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome--what should we know?].

Acutelunginjury (ALI) and its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes with a spectrum of increasing severity of lung injury defined by physiologic and radiographic criteria. There are many clinical disorders as sociated with the development of ALI/ARDS and can be divided into those associated with direct or indirect lung injury. Early detection and protective lung ventilation strategy contribute to lowering the mortality rate.

[Surgical treatment of pancreatic injuries in severe abdominal trauma].

In spite of its low incidence, pancreatic injuries hold important place in abdominal trauma because of diagnostic difficulties, severe potential complications, therapeutic challenges, and high mortality rates. These injuries are related with specific morbidity and are very often accompanied with injuries of other organs. This retrospective study included 31 patients treated at The Clinic for Emergency Surgery of Clinical Center of Serbia during the period of 2004-2009 with intraoperativelly confirmed diagnosis of pancreatic trauma.

[Surgical treatment of liver injury--5-year experience].

Due to improved methods of treatment and management of hemorrhage, the mortality from liver injuries has decreased significantly over the past few decades. In spite of that, liver injuries still represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. This retrospective study included 197 patients surgically treated because of trauma of the liver at The Clinic for Emergency Surgery, during the period 2004-2009.

[Relation between cytokine IL-6 levels and the occurrence of systemic complications in patients with multiple injuries and blunt abdominal trauma].

Severe trauma is the third cause of death and the first one in the most vital and young population. In USA more children die of trauma then of all other causes. Blunt abdominal trauma takes 56% cases of multiple traumas of all etiologies.