Identification of potential phytochemical inhibitors for the proven six chronic obstructive pulmonary disease biomarkers - A molecular dynamics study.

COPD is a multifactorial lung disease causing breathing difficulties in individuals and is becoming a major health concern worldwide. The unclear pathogenic mechanism and high mortality rate urge the development of drugs against this disease. In this study, around six COPD biomarkers identified from the preceding research through integrated gene expression analysis were taken as COPD target proteins.

A π-π Bonding-Assisted Molecular-Wiring of Folded-Cytochrome and Naphthoquinone and Its Electron-Relay-Based Bioelectrocatalytic HO Reduction Reaction Visualized by Redox-Competitive Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy.

The electron-transfer (ET) reaction of cytochrome (Cytc) protein with biomolecules is a cutting-edge research area of interest in understanding the functionalities of natural systems. Several electrochemical biomimicking studies based on Cytc-protein-modified electrodes prepared via electrostatic interaction and covalent bonding approaches have been reported. Indeed, natural enzymes involve multiple types of bonding, such as hydrogen, ionic, covalent, and π-π, etc.

Multiple Gene Expression Dataset Analysis Reveals Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway is Strongly Associated With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Pathogenesis.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a complex pulmonary disease that causes airflow obstruction in humans. To identify the core genes in COPD pathogenesis, seven diverse microarray datasets (GSE475, GSE1122, GSE1650, GSE3212, GSE8823, GSE37768, and GSE22148) were downloaded from the gene expression omnibus database. All the datasets were analyzed independently with the R/Bioconductor package to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).