Quantum Contextual Hypergraphs, Operators, Inequalities, and Applications in Higher Dimensions.

Quantum contextuality plays a significant role in supporting quantum computation and quantum information theory. The key tools for this are the Kochen-Specker and non-Kochen-Specker contextual sets. Traditionally, their representation has been predominantly operator-based, mainly focusing on specific constructs in dimensions ranging from three to eight.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of LQFM275 - A new multi-target drug.

Compound (4-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylamine)benzenesulfonamide) (LQFM275) was designed and synthesized from darbufelone and sulfanilamide as a new multi-target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. LQFM275 showed a great range of safe cytotoxicity profile (100-400 μM) evaluated by MTT assay, preventing damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in EA.hy926 cell line.

An emerging multi-omic understanding of the genetics of opioid addiction.

Opioid misuse, addiction, and associated overdose deaths remain global public health crises. Despite the tremendous need for pharmacological treatments, current options are limited in number, use, and effectiveness. Fundamental leaps forward in our understanding of the biology driving opioid addiction are needed to guide development of more effective medication-assisted therapies.

MENTOR: Multiplex Embedding of Networks for Team-Based Omics Research.

While the proliferation of data-driven omics technologies has continued to accelerate, methods of identifying relationships among large-scale changes from omics experiments have stagnated. It is therefore imperative to develop methods that can identify key mechanisms among one or more omics experiments in order to advance biological discovery. To solve this problem, here we describe the network-based algorithm MENTOR - Multiplex Embedding of Networks for Team-Based Omics Research.

Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population.

In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.

Estimating geographic variation of infection fatality ratios during epidemics.

Objectives: We aim to estimate geographic variability in total numbers of infections and infection fatality ratios (IFR; the number of deaths caused by an infection per 1,000 infected people) when the availability and quality of data on disease burden are limited during an epidemic.

Methods: We develop a noncentral hypergeometric framework that accounts for differential probabilities of positive tests and reflects the fact that symptomatic people are more likely to seek testing. We demonstrate the robustness, accuracy, and precision of this framework, and apply it to the United States (U.

A multi-ancestry genetic study of pain intensity in 598,339 veterans.

Chronic pain is a common problem, with more than one-fifth of adult Americans reporting pain daily or on most days. It adversely affects the quality of life and imposes substantial personal and economic costs. Efforts to treat chronic pain using opioids had a central role in precipitating the opioid crisis.

Correction: Pavičić, M. Non-Kochen-Specker Contextuality. 2023, , 1117.

In the original publication [...

Root cause analysis of medication errors of the most frequently involved active substances in paediatric patients.

Background: Use of medicinal products in paediatric patients is identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of medication errors.

Objectives: To describe and identify root causes of medication errors in children and adolescents spontaneously reported to Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (Agency).

Method: Agency's adverse drug reaction database was searched by using the Standardised MedDRA Query: medication errors (Broad) with data lock point set at 30th June 2022.

Non-Kochen-Specker Contextuality.

Quantum contextuality supports quantum computation and communication. One of its main vehicles is hypergraphs. The most elaborated are the Kochen-Specker ones, but there is also another class of contextual sets that are not of this kind.

Few-Shot Learning Enables Population-Scale Analysis of Leaf Traits in .

Plant phenotyping is typically a time-consuming and expensive endeavor, requiring large groups of researchers to meticulously measure biologically relevant plant traits, and is the main bottleneck in understanding plant adaptation and the genetic architecture underlying complex traits at population scale. In this work, we address these challenges by leveraging few-shot learning with convolutional neural networks to segment the leaf body and visible venation of 2,906 leaf images obtained in the field. In contrast to previous methods, our approach (a) does not require experimental or image preprocessing, (b) uses the raw RGB images at full resolution, and (c) requires very few samples for training (e.

The readiness of the spontaneous reporting system for COVID-19 vaccines safety monitoring in Croatia.

We aimed to identify whether a spontaneous reporting system (SRS) in Croatia could timely identify and confirm signals for COVID-19 vaccines. Post-marketing spontaneous reports of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following COVID-19 immunisation reported to the Agency for Medicinal Products and Medical Devices of Croatia (HALMED) were extracted and analysed. 6624 cases reporting 30 655 ADRs following COVID-19 immunisation were received from 27 December 2020 to 31st December 2021.

Image-based time series analysis to establish differential disease progression for two head blight pathogens in oat spikelets with variable resistance.

Oat-based value-added products have increased their value as healthy foodstuff. head blight (FHB) infections and the mycotoxins accumulated to the oat seeds, however, pose a challenge to oat production. The FHB infections are predicted to become more prevalent in the future changing climates and under more limited use of fungicides.

Antiviral Strategies Against SARS-CoV-2: A Systems Biology Approach.

The unprecedented scientific achievements in combating the COVID-19 pandemic reflect a global response informed by unprecedented access to data. We now have the ability to rapidly generate a diversity of information on an emerging pathogen and, by using high-performance computing and a systems biology approach, we can mine this wealth of information to understand the complexities of viral pathogenesis and contagion like never before. These efforts will aid in the development of vaccines, antiviral medications, and inform policymakers and clinicians.

PACER: a novel 3D plant cell wall model for the analysis of non-catalytic and enzymatic responses.

Background: Substrate accessibility remains a key limitation to the efficient enzymatic deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass. Limited substrate accessibility is often addressed by increasing enzyme loading, which increases process and product costs. Alternatively, considerable efforts are underway world-wide to identify amorphogenesis-inducing proteins and protein domains that increase the accessibility of carbohydrate-active enzymes to targeted lignocellulose components.

Marine litter on the shallow seafloor at Natura 2000 sites of the Central Eastern Adriatic Sea.

Shallow seafloor marine litter (ML) is the least studied component of ML, and a better understanding of its distribution and accumulation patterns is needed to develop efficient management practices. Abundance and composition of seafloor ML were quantified in two eastern Adriatic Natura 2000 sites (Vis Island and Pakleni Islands), applying a structured sampling design to test whether the intensity of nautical tourism or exposure to prevailing winds and currents are significant drivers determining the ML distribution on shallow, coastal seafloor. ML was widespread and present in considerable amounts across the entire studied area, regardless of the remoteness from most known potential ML sources.

How Secure Are Two-Way Ping-Pong and LM05 QKD Protocols under a Man-in-the-Middle Attack?

We consider a man-in-the-middle attack on two-way quantum key distribution ping-pong and LM05 protocols in which an eavesdropper copies all messages in the message mode, while being undetectable in the mode. Under the attack there is therefore no disturbance in the message mode and the mutual information between the sender and the receiver is always constant and equal to one and messages copied by the eavesdropper are always genuine. An attack can only be detected in the control mode but the level of detection at which the protocol should be aborted is not defined.

Image-Based Methods to Score Fungal Pathogen Symptom Progression and Severity in Excised Leaves.

Image-based symptom scoring of plant diseases is a powerful tool for associating disease resistance with plant genotypes. Advancements in technology have enabled new imaging and image processing strategies for statistical analysis of time-course experiments. There are several tools available for analyzing symptoms on leaves and fruits of crop plants, but only a few are available for the model plant (Arabidopsis).

Antibacterial and cytotoxic evaluation of copper and zinc oxide nanoparticles as a potential disinfectant material of connections in implant provisional abutments: An in-vitro study.

Objective: This study evaluates the antibacterial activity against mono and multispecies bacterial models and the cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide and copper nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs/Cu-NPs) in cell cultures of human gingival fibroblasts(HGFs).

Design: The antibacterial activities of ZnO-NPs and Cu-NPs against 4 bacteria species were tested according to their minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) and against mature multispecies anaerobic model by spectral confocal laser scanning microscopy. The viabilities and cytotoxic effects of ZnO-NPs and Cu-NPs to HGFs cell cultures were tested by MTT, LDH assays, production of ROS, and the activation of caspase-3.

Population Genetic Structure and Connectivity of the European Lobster in the Adriatic and Mediterranean Seas.

Highly selective fishing has the potential to permanently change the characteristics within a population and could drive the decline of genetic diversity. European lobster is an intensively fished crustacean species in the Adriatic Sea which reaches high market value. Since knowledge of population structure and dynamics is important for effective fisheries management, in this study, we used 14 neutral microsatellites loci and partial mitochondrial COI region sequencing to explore population connectivity and genetic structure by comparing samples from the Adriatic Sea and the adjacent basins of the Mediterranean Sea.

Potentially adaptive SARS-CoV-2 mutations discovered with novel spatiotemporal and explainable AI models.

Background: A mechanistic understanding of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and diligent tracking of ongoing mutagenesis are of key importance to plan robust strategies for confining its transmission. Large numbers of available sequences and their dates of transmission provide an unprecedented opportunity to analyze evolutionary adaptation in novel ways. Addition of high-resolution structural information can reveal the functional basis of these processes at the molecular level.