Synthetic Promoters in Gene Therapy: Design Approaches, Features and Applications.

Gene therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of various inherited diseases, but its development is complicated by a number of limitations of the natural promoters used. The currently used strong ubiquitous natural promoters do not allow for the specificity of expression, while natural tissue-specific promoters have lowactivity. These limitations of natural promoters can be addressed by creating new synthetic promoters that achieve high levels of tissue-specific target gene expression.

Phylogenetic Insights into H7Nx Influenza Viruses: Uncovering Reassortment Patterns and Geographic Variability.

Influenza A viruses (IAVs), which belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, are RNA viruses characterized by a segmented genome that allows them to evolve and adapt rapidly. These viruses are mainly transmitted by wild waterfowl. In this study, we investigated the evolutionary processes of H7Nx (H7N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N4, H7N5, H7N6, H7N7, H7N8, H7N9) viruses, which pose a significant pandemic risk due to the known cases of human infection and their potential for rapid genetic evolution and reassortment.

IAVCP (Influenza A Virus Consensus and Phylogeny): Automatic Identification of the Genomic Sequence of the Influenza A Virus from High-Throughput Sequencing Data.

Recently, high-throughput sequencing of influenza A viruses has become a routine test. It should be noted that the extremely high diversity of the influenza A virus complicates the task of determining the sequences of all eight genome segments. For a fast and accurate analysis, it is necessary to select the most suitable reference for each segment.

Codon-optimization in gene therapy: promises, prospects and challenges.

Codon optimization has evolved to enhance protein expression efficiency by exploiting the genetic code's redundancy, allowing for multiple codon options for a single amino acid. Initially observed in , optimal codon usage correlates with high gene expression, which has propelled applications expanding from basic research to biopharmaceuticals and vaccine development. The method is especially valuable for adjusting immune responses in gene therapies and has the potenial to create tissue-specific therapies.

Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a debilitating autoimmune disease that results from T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells. Its incidence has increased during the past several decades in developed countries, suggesting that changes in the environment (including the human microbial environment) may influence disease pathogenesis. The incidence of spontaneous T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice can be affected by the microbial environment in the animal housing facility or by exposure to microbial stimuli, such as injection with mycobacteria or various microbial products.