Effects of Humic Acids on the Ecotoxicity of FeO Nanoparticles and Fe-Ions: Impact of Oxidation and Aging.

The magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are increasingly produced and studied for various environmental applications, yet the information on their ecotoxicity is scarce. We evaluated the ecotoxicity of MNPs (~7 nm) before and after the addition of humic acids (HAs). White mustard and unicellular ciliates were used as test species.