Combination of GC-MS and selective peak elimination procedures as a tool for characterization of complex saccharide mixtures - Application to pyrolysis bio-oils.

In this study, a GC-MS method was developed for the quantification of saccharides in complex mixtures such as bio-oils and bio-oil aqueous phases produced by ablative pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. The samples were first treated using N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and the trimethylsilylated (more volatile) derivatives were analyzed by GC-MS. The method offers advantages of great separation capability and simultaneous identification of unknown peaks by comparison of the mass spectra and retention indices with extensive libraries available online.

Electrometric bromine number as a suitable method for the quantitative determination of phenols and olefins in hydrotreated pyrolysis bio-oils.

Bio-oils after hydrotreatment can still contain significant amount of phenols and cyclic olefins as the products of an incomplete deoxygenation. The removal of these compounds would be necessary to produce suitable components for automotive fuels. However, no routine method currently exists for the reliable determination of these groups in hydrotreated bio-oils (HBOs).

Middle distillates hydrogen content via GC×GC-FID.

Liquid transportation fuels in the middle distillate range contain thousands of hydrocarbons making the predictions and calculations of properties from composition a challenging process. We present a new approach of hydrogen content determination by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC×GC-FID) using a weighted average method. GC×GC-FID hydrogen determination precision was excellent (0.

Prediction of 2-EHN content in diesel/biodiesel blends using FTIR and chemometrics.

Quantification models based on the processing of FTIR spectra by partial least squares regression (PLS) were created in order to develop a method for the determination of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) in diesel fuels. The set of standards was prepared using 2-EHN, biodiesel (FAME) and various mineral diesel fuels (2-EHN free). The standards were prepared in the concentration range of 2-EHN of 0-2436mgkg.