CRISPR/Cas9-mediated мultiplexed multi-allelic mutagenesis of genes located on A, B and R subgenomes of hexaploid triticale.

The first-time generation of hexaploid triticale plants harbouring variable panels of novel mutations in gene families involved in starch biosynthesis has been achieved by the subgenome-independent multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing.

Erratum: Boiss. repeatome characterized using low-coverage NGS as a source of new FISH markers: application in phylogenetic studies of the Triticeae.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Allelic Variation of and Genes in Winter Durum Wheat and Its Effect on Quality Parameters.

Winter durum wheat is a relatively young crop that is highly adaptable due to its winter type of growth habit. The priority of breeding and genetic improvement of winter durum wheat is to improve grain quality and pasta quality, largely determined by the glutenin storage proteins. In the present study, a collection of 76 accessions of winter durum wheat from P.

Permanent Spreading of 1RS.1AL and 1RS.1BL Translocations in Modern Wheat Breeding.

Wheat-rye translocations 1RS.1BL and 1RS.1AL are used in bread wheat breeding worldwide because a short arm of rye chromosome 1 (1RS) when introgressed into the wheat genome confers resistance to diseases, pests and better performance under drought-stress conditions.

qPCR as a Selective Tool for Cytogenetics.

qPCR is widely used in quantitative studies of plant genomes and transcriptomes. In this article, this method is considered as an auxiliary step in the preparation and selection of markers for FISH analysis. Several cases from the authors' research on populations of the same species were reviewed, and a comparison of the closely related species, as well as the adaptation of the markers, based on satellite tandem repeats (TRs) using quantitative qPCR data was conducted.

Compensatory Effect of the Gene in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale (x Wittmack).

The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant () allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading and flowering. () genes are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, including stem growth, in terms of length and thickness, and leaf and fruit size.

Boiss. repeatome characterized using low-coverage NGS as a source of new FISH markers: Application in phylogenetic studies of the Triticeae.

. is polyploid grass species that grows in the eastern part of the Fertile Crescent, Afghanistan, and Middle Asia. It consists of tetraploid (4x) and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes (2 = 4x = 28, DD (Abdolmalaki et al.

TaGRF3-2A Improves Some Agronomically Valuable Traits in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale.

The breeding improvement of triticale is tightly associated with the introgression of dwarfing genes, in particular, gibberellin (GA)-insensitive from rye. Despite the increase in harvest index and resistance to lodging, this gene adversely affects grain weight and size. Growth regulation factor () genes are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant growth, including GA-induced stem elongation.

Development of Specific Cytogenetic Markers for Wheat-Wheatgrass Hybrids Using Sequencing and qPCR Data.

The cytogenetic study of wide hybrids of wheat has both practical and fundamental values. Partial wheat-wheatgrass hybrids (WWGHs) are interesting as a breeding bridge to confer valuable genes to wheat genome, as well as a model object that contains related genomes of . The development of cytogenetic markers is a process that requires long and laborious fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) testing of various probes before a suitable probe is found.

Allele mining of TaGRF-2D gene 5'-UTR in Triticum aestivum and Aegilops tauschii genotypes.

The low diversity of the D-subgenome of bread wheat requires the involvement of new alleles for breeding. In grasses, the allelic state of Growth Regulating Factor (GRF) gene is correlated with nitrogen uptake. In this study, we characterized the sequence of TaGRF-2D and assessed its diversity in bread wheat and goatgrass Aegilops tauschii (genome DD).

Molecular Characterization of the Gene Homolog in .

The gene, first studied in rice, encodes a protein that acts as a repressor of the physiological response of plants to strigolactones-substances that regulate the activity of axillary buds, stem growth, branching of roots and other physiological processes. In this work, we isolated and sequenced the homolog of the gene in several accessions of the wild grass of different geographical origins, resulting in the discovery of large allelic variety. A molecular marker was also created that allows us to differentiate the gene from common wheat genes.

Copy Number Variation of Transposable Elements in and Its Diploid Relative Species.

Diploid and polyploid wild species of have complex relationships, and the understanding of their evolution and speciation could help to increase the usability of them in wheat breeding as a source of genetic diversity. The diploid species (St), (J), (V) derived from a hypothetical common ancestor are considered to be possible subgenome donors in hexaploid species (JJSt, where indices r, v, and s stand for the partial relation to the genomes of , , and , respectively). We quantified 10 families of transposable elements (TEs) in , , (per one genome), and (per one average subgenome) using the quantitative real time PCR assay and compared their abundance within the studied genomes as well as between them.

Development of new cytogenetic markers for (Podp.) Z.-W. Liu & R.-C. Wang.

(Podpěra, 1902) Z.-W. Liu & R.

Effect of Dwarfing Gene on Height and Agronomic Traits in Spring Triticale in Greenhouse and Field Experiments in a Non-Black Earth Region of Russia.

Triticale is a relatively new crop which still possesses serious drawbacks that can be significantly improved by breeding. The dwarfing genes proved to be very useful in the development of new lodging resistant and productive cultivars of winter triticale. The aim of our research was to assess the effect of the dwarfing gene from rye on the agronomic valuable traits in spring triticale.

Pipeline for the Rapid Development of Cytogenetic Markers Using Genomic Data of Related Species.

Repetitive DNA including tandem repeats (TRs) is a significant part of most eukaryotic genomes. TRs include rapidly evolving satellite DNA (satDNA) that can be shared by closely related species, their abundance may be associated with evolutionary divergence, and they have been widely used for chromosome karyotyping using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The recent progress in the development of whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools enables rapid and cost-effective searches for TRs including satDNA that can be converted into molecular cytogenetic markers.

Variation in Copy Number of Ty3/Gypsy Centromeric Retrotransposons in the Genomes of Thinopyrum intermedium and Its Diploid Progenitors.

Speciation and allopolyploidization in cereals may be accompanied by dramatic changes in abundance of centromeric repeated transposable elements. Here we demonstrate that the reverse transcriptase part of Ty3/gypsy centromeric retrotransposon (RT-CR) is highly conservative in the segmental hexaploid Thinopyrum intermedium (JrJvsSt) and its possible diploid progenitors Th. bessarabicum (Jb), Pseudoroegneria spicata (St) and Dasypyrum villosum (V) but the abundance of the repeats varied to a large extent.