Neuropsychological Testing and Machine Learning Distinguish Alzheimer's Disease from Other Causes for Cognitive Impairment.

With promising results in recent treatment trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD), it becomes increasingly important to distinguish AD at early stages from other causes for cognitive impairment. However, existing diagnostic methods are either invasive (lumbar punctures, PET) or inaccurate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). This study investigates the potential of neuropsychological testing (NPT) to specifically identify those patients with possible AD among a sample of 158 patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) or dementia for various causes.

Feedback control of flow vorticity at low Reynolds numbers.

Our aim is to explore strategies of feedback control to design and stabilize novel dynamic flow patterns in model systems of complex fluids. To introduce the control strategies, we investigate the simple Newtonian fluid at low Reynolds number in a circular geometry. Then, the fluid vorticity satisfies a diffusion equation.

Pathomorphologic and immunohistochemical study on the devastation of rat embryos by antiphospholipid antibody positive serum.

Problem: While relying on previous publications, our aim was to examine the morphologic changes, induced in early rat embryos by intra-uterine exposure to the low-molecular weight fraction of boiled human serum containing antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) that had been obtained from women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Method Of Study: Human APLA-positive sera were pooled, boiled, centrifuged and separated by ultrafiltration. The molecular weight fraction lower than 30 kDa was used for the experiments.

The placental barrier in allogenic immune conflict in spontaneous early abortions: immunohistochemical and morphological study.

Problem: Morphologic changes in the placental barrier in spontaneous early abortions under the maternal-embryonic immune conflict, and the role of maternal immunoglobulins (Igs) in these changes.

Materials And Methods: We examined chorionic villi and other tissues obtained from 54 aborts between weeks 3.5 and 8 of pregnancy.

Transport of maternal immunoglobulins through the human placental barrier in normal pregnancy and during inflammation.

We studied the effect of ascending infections of the birth canal on the transport of maternal immunoglobulins (Igs) through the placental barrier in humans. The study was performed on 41 human placentas obtained from embryos (n=21) and fetuses (n=20) who had died from different causes, including those connected with ascending infections of the birth canal, and seven placentas obtained after normal delivery at term. Different morphological and immunohistochemical methods were used.

Two secretory immune systems (mucosal and barrier) in human intrauterine development, normal and pathological (Review).

The role of protein components of the secretory immune system (SIS), such as the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/secretory component (pIgR/SC), immunoglobulins (Igs) and joining (J) chain, in human intrauterine development was reviewed. These components are already present in 3.5- to 4-week-old embryos, and found in all tissues and organs of epithelial origin.

Secretory immune system in human embryonic and fetal development: joining chain and immunoglobulin transport (Review).

The role of joining (J) chain, one of the protein components of the secretory immune system (SIS), in the immune reactions of the human embryo and fetus was analyzed on the basis of data from the literature and our previous studies. All organs and structures, including extra-corporeal ones, of 18 embryos (4-8 weeks of development) and 45 fetuses (9-38 weeks) were studied using methods of pathomorphology, immunohistochemistry and morphometry. This approach enabled us to analyze the problem in the whole organism throughout its embryonic and fetal development.

An immunohistochemical study of the secretory immune system in human fetal membranes and decidua of the first trimester of pregnancy.

Problem: We analyzed the presence and distribution of components of the secretory immune system (SIS) in human fetal membranes (amnion, yolk sac, chorion) and decidua from the first trimester of pregnancy.

Materials And Methods: Specimens from 17 embryos (4-8 weeks of pregnancy) and nine fetuses (9-12 weeks) were divided into those that had not been exposed to massive foreign antigenic effects (Group I, n = 18) and those that had suffered acute chorioamnionitis (Group II, n = 8).

Results: Positive immunostaining for secretory component (SC), joining (J) chain, IgG, IgA, and macrophages was seen from 4 to 5 weeks of development and then during the whole first trimester of pregnancy in the syncytio- and cytotrophoblasts, the amniotic epithelium, the yolk sac endoderm and decidual cells.

Secretory immune system in human intrauterine development: immunopathomorphological analysis of the role of secretory component (pIgR/SC) in immunoglobulin transport (review).

Several proteins, such as polymeric immunoglobulin (Ig) receptor/secretory component (pIgR/SC), immunoglobulins (Igs) and joining (J) chain, and cellular components of the secretory immune system (SIS) of the human embryo and fetus were analyzed and compared with reviewed information concerning SIS organization and function. All organs and structures, including extracorporeal ones, of 18 embryos (4-8 weeks of development) and 45 fetuses (9-38 weeks) were studied using methods of pathomorphology, immunohistochemistry and morphometry. This approach enabled us to analyze the problem in the whole organism during its entire development.

Secretory component, J chain, and immunoglobulins in human embryos and fetuses of the first trimester of pregnancy: immunohistochemical study.

In our previous studies, we described the development of the secretory (mucosal) immune system (SIS) in human fetuses in the second trimester of pregnancy. In the present study, we examined the presence and distribution of components of this system in human embryos and early fetuses in the first trimester. An immunohistochemical study was performed on 17 embryos and 9 fetuses (4 to 12 wk of development) using antibodies against secretory component (SC), joining (J) chain, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG), subsets of T and B lymphocytes, and macrophages.

The role of lymphocytes and macrophages in human breast tumorigenesis: an immunohistochemical and morphometric study.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the function of lymphoid elements in the tumorigenesis of human breast cancer, similar to their elucidation in human ovarian cancer in our previous work. The lymphocytic and macrophageal content of lymphocytes and macrophages was analyzed immunohistochemically and morphometrically in 49 human breast tumors of different types. The following types of tumors were studied: 1) fibrocystic disease, 2) fibroadenoma, 3) carcinoma in situ, 4) infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma with high lymphoid infiltration, and 5) infiltrating ductal and lobular carcinoma with lymphoid depletion.

Apoptosis-related proteins (Fas, Fas ligand, bcl-2 and p53) in different types of human breast tumors.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible role of apoptosis-related proteins (ARP: Fas and Fas ligand, bcl-2, p53) in the progress of tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Epithelial tumor cells and lymphocytes were analyzed immunohistochemically for the rate of lymphoid infiltration and presence of ARP in 50 human breast tumors of different types. The tumors included: i) fibrocystic disease (n=12); ii) benign fibroadenoma (n=11); iii) carcinoma in situ (n=8); iv) invasive ductal carcinoma with high lymphoid infiltration (n=12); and v) invasive ductal carcinoma with lymphoid depletion (n=7).

Lymphoid-epithelial secretory immune system in human fetuses in the second trimester of gestation.

The development of the secretory immune system (SIS) in the respiratory, digestive, and urogenital tracts and other organs of fetuses in the second trimester of gestation is described. Tissues of all internal organs of human fetuses (n = 36) that had died between 13 and 25 weeks of gestation were studied immunohistochemically for the presence of secretory component (SC), J chain, IgA, IgM, IgG, macrophages, and different subsets of lymphocytes. We found protein elements of the SIS in fetuses during the entire second trimester in the epithelium of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts; in hepatocytes; in the epithelium of the bile duct, renal tubules, and all the urinary tract; in the salivary glands, pancreas, and thyroid; in the epithelium of the Fallopian tubes and uterus; in the epididymis and the rete testes; in the skin; and in other organs.