A Multivariate Phenotypical Approach of Sepsis and Septic Shock-A Comprehensive Narrative Literature Review.

Despite medical advances, sepsis and septic shock remain some of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, with a high inter-individual variability in prognosis, clinical manifestations and response to treatment. Evidence suggests that pulmonary sepsis is one of the most severe forms of sepsis, while liver dysfunction, left ventricular dysfunction, and coagulopathy impact the prognostic. Sepsis-related hypothermia and a hypoinflammatory state are related to a poor outcome.

The Omics Complexity in Sepsis: The Limits of the Personalized Medicine Approach.

Sepsis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the remarkable advances in modern medicine throughout the last century, the mortality rates associated with sepsis have remained significantly elevated, both in high- and low-income countries. The main difficulty in the diagnosis and treatment of septic patients is the tremendous heterogeneity of this condition.

Postoperative Cognitive Impairment and Pain Perception after Abdominal Surgery-Could Immersive Virtual Reality Bring More? A Clinical Approach.

: Impaired cognition and pain after surgery contribute to prolonged hospital stays and increased mortality rates. Thus, the development of preemptive algorithms for reducing their impact should be prioritized. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficiency of using virtual reality (VR) to treat postoperative cognitive decline and pain perception.

Etiology and Multi-Drug Resistant Profile of Bacterial Infections in Severe Burn Patients, Romania 2018-2022.

Infections in severe burns and their etiology are and will remain a big concern for the medical field. The multi-drug resistant strains of bacteria are a challenge of today's medicine. The aim of our study was to identify the etiological spectrum of bacterial infections in severe burn patients in Romania and their multi-drug resistant patterns.

The Management of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction in Cirrhotic Patients: An Overview of the Literature.

: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) represents a decreased cognitive performance in patients undergoing general anesthesia for major surgery. Since liver cirrhosis is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, cirrhotic patients also assemble many risk factors for POCD. Therefore, preserving cognition after major surgery is a priority, especially in this group of patients.

Neurological Manifestations of SARS-CoV2 Infection: A Narrative Review.

The COVID-19 virus frequently causes neurological complications. These have been described in various forms in adults and children. Headache, seizures, coma, and encephalitis are some of the manifestations of SARS-CoV-2-induced neurological impairment.

Melatonin-Microbiome Two-Sided Interaction in Dysbiosis-Associated Conditions.

Melatonin is a pineal indolamine, allegedly known as a circadian rhythm regulator, and an antioxidative and immunomodulatory molecule. In both experimental and clinical trials, melatonin has been shown to have positive effects in various pathologies, as a modulator of important biochemical pathways including inflammation, oxidative stress, cell injury, apoptosis, and energy metabolism. The gut represents one of melatonin's most abundant extra pineal sources, with a 400-times-higher concentration than the pineal gland.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Usefulness in Validation of Hyperventilation Test.

Background: The hyperventilation test is used in clinical practice for diagnosis and therapeutic purposes; however, in the absence of a standardized protocol, the procedure varies significantly, predisposing tested subjects to risks such as cerebral hypoxia and ischemia. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), a noninvasive technique performed for cerebral oximetry monitoring, was used in the present study to identify the minimum decrease in the end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2) during hyperventilation necessary to induce changes on NIRS. Materials and Methods: We recruited 46 volunteers with no preexisting medical conditions.

Preconception Counseling in Patients with Hypothyroidism and/or Thyroid Autoimmunity.

Preconception counseling is an essential tool for preventing adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with thyroid dysfunction. The high prevalence of thyroid disease among women of reproductive age, and the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with thyroid dysfunction, emphasize the necessity for well-established screening and treatment criteria in the preconception period. We therefore conducted a literature review for relevant information on the screening, diagnosis and treatment of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism in women seeking pregnancy.

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis and Pregnancy: A Review of the Literature and Case Presentation.

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare, usually autoimmune, disease, where surfactant accumulates within alveoli due to decreased clearance, causing dyspnea and hypoxemia. The disease is even more rare in pregnancy; nevertheless, it has been reported in pregnant women and can even appear for the first time during pregnancy as an asthma-like illness. Therefore, awareness is important.

Early Low Level of Procalcitonin Is Associated with a Favorable Outcome in a Case of a Surviving Patient with 80% Body Surface Area Thermal Burn.

BACKGROUND Burns covering a large skin surface area represent a life-threatening condition due to the release of cytokines and the activation of a systemic inflammatory response, as well as the potential for septic complications. Outcome for these patients is related to the burn surface, age, and coexisting diseases. Although some severity scores are available, such as the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI), Baux score, R-Baux score, Boston score, and Belgian Outcome Burn Injury (BOBI) score, none can provide a solid picture of the final outcome.

Melatonin's Impact on Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Reprogramming in Homeostasis and Disease.

There is a growing consensus that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin are of great importance in preserving the body functions and homeostasis, with great impact in the peripartum period and adult life. Melatonin promotes adaptation through allostasis and stands out as an endogenous, dietary, and therapeutic molecule with important health benefits. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of melatonin are intertwined and are exerted throughout pregnancy and later during development and aging.

Getting an Early Start in Understanding Perinatal Asphyxia Impact on the Cardiovascular System.

Perinatal asphyxia (PA) is a burdening pathology with high short-term mortality and severe long-term consequences. Its incidence, reaching as high as 10 cases per 1000 live births in the less developed countries, prompts the need for better awareness and prevention of cases at risk, together with management by easily applicable protocols. PA acts first and foremost on the nervous tissue, but also on the heart, by hypoxia and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Electrical Stimulation in the Claustrum Area Induces a Deepening of Isoflurane Anesthesia in Rat.

The role of the claustrum in consciousness and vigilance states was proposed more than two decades ago; however, its role in anesthesia is not yet understood, and this requires more investigation. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of claustrum electrical stimulation during isoflurane anesthesia in adult rats. The claustrum in the left hemisphere was electrically stimulated using a bipolar tungsten electrode inserted stereotaxically.

OXYTOCIN REDUCES SEIZURE BURDEN AND HIPPOCAMPAL INJURY IN A RAT MODEL OF PERINATAL ASPHYXIA.

Context: Foetal asphyxia, a frequent birth complication, detrimentally impacts the immature brain, resulting in neuronal damage, uncontrolled seizure activity and long-term neurological deficits. Oxytocin, a neurohormone mediating important materno-foetal interactions and parturition, has been previously suggested to modulate the immature brain's excitability, playing a neuroprotective role. Our aim was to investigate the effects of exogenous oxytocin administration on seizure burden and acute brain injury in a perinatal model of asphyxia in rats.

Characterisation of tree vibrations based on the model of orthogonal oscillations.

This study presents quantitative and qualitative insights into the analysis of data obtained by tracking the motion of reflective markers arranged along the trunk of a pole-like potted tree, which was recorded by a state-of-the-art infrared motion-tracking system. The experimental results showed in-plane damped trajectories of the markers with lateral displacements, i.e.

ECoG spectrum changes at different xenon-isoflurane anaesthesia depths.

Background And Aims: The purpose of this study is to assess the frontal and parietal ECoG spectrum (gamma range) changes during isoflurane and combined xenon-isoflurane anaesthesia in rats.

Methods: Experiments were carried out on four adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g). The anaesthesia was induced with isoflurane and maintained with isoflurane and a xenon-isoflurane mixture.

Catchment land use as a predictor of the macroinvertebrate community changes between inlet and outlet of small water dams.

Changes in land use practices have affected the integrity and the quality of stream water worldwide. Effective catchment management, in terms of land use alteration, depends on our ability to quantify ecologically significant changes and to discriminate among varying levels of impact. In this study, we assessed the structural and functional changes upstream and downstream of eight small water reservoirs in western Slovakia and the relationship between these changes and shifts in physicochemical parameters as a consequence of stream damming and catchment land use.

Magnetoconductive maghemite core/polyaniline shell nanoparticles: Physico-chemical and biological assessment.

Nanoparticles of various compositions are increasingly being used in many areas of medicine. The aim of this study was to develop nanoparticles, which would possess both magnetic and conductive properties and, thus improve their suitability for a wider range of biomedical applications. Namely, it would enable both the particle manipulation and imaging using their magnetic properties and simultaneous stimulation of electro-sensitive cell types using their magnetic properties, which can be used in tissue therapy, engineering and as biosensors.

Changes of cortical connectivity during deep anaesthesia.

Background And Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frontal intracortical connectivity during deep anaesthesia (burst-suppression).

Methods: Experiments were carried out on 5 adult Sprague Dawley rats. The anaesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane.

Fronto-parietal connectivity changes following noxious stimulation during anesthesia.

Rationale: The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the fronto-parietal connectivity estimated by the cross approximate entropy (XAppEn) during noxious stimulation while under chloral hydrate anaesthesia, in rats.

Method: A group of 11 Wistar rats chronically implanted with Ni-Cr electrodes, which were placed on the dura mater of the right hemisphere (over the olfactory cortex, the frontal and the parietal lobes), were used in the present study. Noxious stimuli of a mechanical and thermal nature were applied on the left hindpaw during chloral hydrate anesthesia.