Publications by authors named "Pavel A Melnikov"
Article Synopsis
- Systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) shows potential for treating ischemia-related issues like stroke, though the exact benefits are still unclear.
- * Researchers developed an MRI method to track how MSCs spread in a live rat brain after a stroke, noting their accumulation in brain vessels shortly after being administered.
- * Despite the low number of MSCs present in the brain and their short retention time, the treatment led to lasting improvements in neurological function without significantly reducing stroke damage compared to control rats.*
Article Synopsis
- Researchers developed a new genetically encoded material using the encapsulin system, modified to include a photoactivatable fluorescent protein (PAmCherry) as a cargo.
- The encapsulin shells, which were isolated from human 293T cells, can be internalized by macrophages while clearly displaying the fluorescent signal.
- This genetically encoded nanocarrier system has the potential to serve as a platform for the targeted delivery of protein and peptide therapeutics in laboratory settings.
Article Synopsis
- A phospholipid delivery system for chlorin e6 was developed to improve the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy, enhanced by double modification with targeting peptide (NGR) and cell-penetrating peptide (R7).
- Research on HT-1080 tumor cells revealed that treatment with chlorin e6 caused cell death primarily through apoptosis, with mitochondria identified as a key target for the photosensitizer.
- In a mouse model, the new phospholipid compositions showed significantly improved accumulation of chlorin e6 in tumor tissue, with the peptide-containing formulation exhibiting a 2-fold increase compared to free chlorin e6.
Article Synopsis
- - Researchers explored how well mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be delivered to brain tissue through intra-arterial (IA) transplantation, particularly for treating neurological disorders like stroke.
- - They studied the relationship between brain blood flow (perfusion) and MSC distribution in both healthy rats and rats with stroke, using advanced MR imaging techniques.
- - Results showed that brain perfusion partially influences where the MSCs end up after transplantation, but other unknown factors also play a significant role, indicating that more research is needed.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers created spidroin-based electrospun mats modified with ECM peptide motifs (RGD, IKVAV, VAEIDGIEL) to analyze their effects on the behavior of directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPCs).
- * Findings show that these modified mats help maintain the stemness of drNPCs while also influencing differentiation, with RGD promoting fewer but longer neurite-forming neurons, and IKVAV leading to more neurons but with shorter neurites, while still preserving neuroglial progenitor
Article Synopsis
- The study focuses on addressing key challenges in developing regenerative therapies for spinal cord injuries (SCI) by using directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPCs) as a potential solution for safe and effective treatment.
- Researchers performed intraspinal transplantation of drNPCs in seven non-human primates with complete thoracic SCI, comparing the results against a control group receiving a vehicle injection.
- Findings showed significant recovery in hindlimb function, neurological assessments, and maintained cell multipotency, indicating that drNPC transplantation is a safe and promising approach for enhancing spinal cord function post-injury.
Article Synopsis
- A series of novel oligonucleotides (2'-deoxy and 2'-MOE) featuring unique phosphoramidate groups were synthesized to assess their potential as splice-switching agents for spinal muscular atrophy.
- * Initial tests in patient-derived fibroblasts showed no significant difference in splice-switching efficiency between the 2'-MOE mesyl oligonucleotide and the existing treatment, nusinersen.
- * However, survival studies in neonatal mice indicated that the 2'-MOE mesyl oligonucleotide was less effective than nusinersen, likely due to issues with cellular uptake and release within cells.*
Article Synopsis
- - Cell therapy, particularly using directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells (drNPC), shows promise for reducing brain damage and improving recovery after a stroke, as tested in a rat model.
- - The study involved infusing drNPC into the bloodstream of rats 24 hours post-stroke, allowing tracking of these cells via MRI; results indicated that drNPC were present near and within the infarct zone more quickly than the control group of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSC).
- - Both drNPC and pMSC improved neurological function and reduced stroke effects, but they acted differently in terms of infarct volume and animal survival, hinting at unique therapeutic mechanisms at play, particularly for drNPC.
Article Synopsis
- There is significant variability in how much liposomal drugs accumulate in human tumors, affecting their treatment response, making it crucial to determine patient eligibility for therapies.* -
- The study utilizes in vivo imaging to confirm that magnetic liposomes (ML) can effectively predict tumor response to nanomedicine therapy without being influenced by prior doses of liposomes.* -
- Results show that higher accumulation of ML in tumors leads to reduced tumor size and improved survival rates when combined with liposomal doxorubicin, highlighting the need for effective imaging techniques to enhance cancer treatment outcomes.*
Article Synopsis
- Researchers assessed the chitosan--oligo(L,L-lactide) copolymer hydrogel (CLC) for its potential use in central nervous system tissue engineering, focusing on its biomechanical properties and biocompatibility with neural progenitor cells.
- The CLC hydrogel was found to be optically transparent, noncytotoxic, and supported the growth and differentiation of human neural stem/precursor cells, specifically H9-derived NSCs and directly reprogrammed PCNs.
- The study suggests that CLC hydrogel may be a useful substrate for developing tissue-engineered solutions for treating neurodegenerative diseases due to its ability to maintain cell multipotency and promote neuronal differentiation.
Article Synopsis
- Fluorescent proteins, typically used to label target proteins in live cells, face limitations like slow fluorophore maturation and loss of fluorescence due to photobleaching.
- The newly developed K/E coils (KEC) system overcomes these issues by using small protein tags that transiently bind to cytoplasmic fluorescent proteins, allowing for continuous exchange and enhanced photostability.
- KECs not only provide a higher labeling density and longer imaging duration compared to conventional methods but also enable efficient imaging of new protein syntheses without being affected by the maturation rate of fluorescent proteins.
Article Synopsis
- Liposomes are widely used as nanocarriers for cancer treatment, but there are still challenges related to their delivery efficiency and unwanted accumulation in healthy tissues.
- Research using intravital microscopy on different tumor models revealed two distinct patterns of liposome leakage: microleakage, which deposits nanoparticles near blood vessels without reaching tumor cells, and macroleakage, which allows deeper penetration into tumors.
- Neutrophils play a key role in triggering these leakages, affecting the delivery of liposomes; understanding these mechanisms could enhance the design of more effective nanodrugs for cancer therapy.
Article Synopsis
- - High-quality octahedral-shaped FeO magnetite nanocrystals are grown on gold nanoparticles, resulting in new FeO-Au Janus nanoparticles with impressive magnetic properties.
- - These hybrids exhibit enhanced T relaxivity for MRI, outperforming other similar materials and commercial contrast agents, making them effective for imaging purposes.
- - The nanoparticles can be modified to carry fluorescent dyes or drugs, allowing for real-time tracking and delivery to tumors, positioning them as a versatile platform for theranostic applications.
Article Synopsis
- * The nanoparticles are coated with anti-VEGF antibodies and designed to deliver doxorubicin more effectively to tumor cells, specifically in a mouse model of breast cancer.
- * Results showed that mice treated with these targeted nanoparticles had a 50% increase in median survival, and MRI confirmed that the nanoparticles accumulated in the tumors, enabling dual therapy and imaging.
Subclinical hypothyroidism is caused by thyroid hormone deficit and can lead to impairments in mood and cognition. In brain, supply with thyroxine (T4) is mediated by thyroid hormone transporters including the brain-specific anion transporter-1 (BSAT-1). In humans and rodents, BSAT-1 is expressed in brain microvessels and astrocytes.
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- Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, particularly for aggressive glioblastoma multiforme, is a major goal in nanomedicine, focusing on specific molecules like VEGF and VEGFR2 that are commonly overexpressed in tumors.
- The study aimed to create a liposomal drug delivery system with enhanced effectiveness by using a soluble cisplatin analogue and antibodies against VEGF/VEGFR2 on the liposome's surface.
- The new system showed sustained drug release, high affinity for glioma cells, improved drug uptake, and longer circulation in the blood, addressing common shortcomings of traditional platinum-based cancer treatments.
Article Synopsis
- Two-photon microscopy offers enhanced spatial resolution and deeper sample penetration compared to traditional microscopy methods.
- The study introduces a phosphorescent probe made from human serum albumin and an Au-Ag complex, which shows strong luminescence in the infrared range (700-800 nm), peaking at 740 nm.
- This probe is effective for bioimaging, successfully visualizing glioma C6 cells and various tissues using two-photon confocal microscopy, with the ability to adjust the excitation wavelength for better signal contrast.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers designed nanogels that carry the chemotherapy drug cisplatin, which are linked to antibodies targeting proteins Cx43 and BSAT1, leading to significant tumor reduction in animal models.
- * The study showed that these targeted nanogels not only reduced tumor size but also extended survival rates in treated rats, highlighting a promising new approach for glioma treatment.