Effect of Monochromatic Infrared Energy on Quality of Life and Intraepidermal Nerve Fiber Density in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized, Sham Control Study.

Background: Monochromatic infrared energy (MIRE) has evoked mixed results for symptomatic relief of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). However, intraepidermal nerve-fiber density (IENFD) the gold standard for small-fiber neuropathy has not been evaluated.

Objective: We assessed the IENFD, pain symptoms and quality of life (QoL) with MIRE therapy compared to placebo in painful DPN.

Female phenotype with male karyotype: a clinical enigma.

Development of gonadal and phenotypic sex during embryogenesis invariably corresponds to the genotypic sex. However, some disorders of sex development are associated with discordance between the chromosomal, gonadal or phenotypic sex which include complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, 46XY complete gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome) and, rarely, congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP 17A1 (17α-hydroxylase) deficiency. The enzyme CYP17A1 includes 17α-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase which are required for the synthesis of cortisol and sex steroids, respectively.

Unusual cause of profound weight loss in a young woman.

A 27-year-old woman presented with anorexia, weight loss and psychiatric symptoms for the past 4 years. She did not have history of headache, visual disturbances or symptoms of raised intracranial pressure. She was sarcopenic with body mass index of 10.