The degenerated glenohumeral joint.

Aims: This study aimed to define the histopathology of degenerated humeral head cartilage and synovial inflammation of the glenohumeral joint in patients with omarthrosis (OmA) and cuff tear arthropathy (CTA). Additionally, the potential of immunohistochemical tissue biomarkers in reflecting the degeneration status of humeral head cartilage was evaluated.

Methods: Specimens of the humeral head and synovial tissue from 12 patients with OmA, seven patients with CTA, and four body donors were processed histologically for examination using different histopathological scores.

Bony Regrowth and New Spur Formation as Possible Causes of Failed Distal Clavicle Excision-Mid-Term Outcomes after Revision Surgery in a Matched-Pair Analysis.

Background: Despite high rates of successful outcomes after open and arthroscopic distal clavicle excision (DCE) for symptomatic acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) degeneration, some patients present with persistent symptoms and disabilities after surgical intervention. This study aims to compare radiological, functional, and subjective outcomes of open revision surgery after failed arthroscopic DCE to primary successful arthroscopic DCE.

Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, 10 patients who underwent open DCE revision were age- and gender-matched with 10 patients who did not require revision surgery after DCE.

Comparison of Outcomes After Arthroscopic Superior Capsule Reconstruction Versus Arthroscopic Partial Repair or Arthroscopic Debridement for Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears.

Background: Arthroscopic superior capsule reconstruction (SCR), arthroscopic partial repair (PR), and arthroscopic debridement (DB) are valid treatment options for irreparable rotator cuff (RC) tears.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic SCR with arthroscopic PR and arthroscopic DB in patients with irreparable posterosuperior RC tears. It was hypothesized that SCR would lead to superior clinical and functional outcomes compared with PR or DB.

Combined press-fit and extracortical fixation in patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction results in reliable graft fixation and early bone block incorporation.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with bone-patellar-tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft has the potential biological advantage of direct bone-to-bone healing over soft tissue grafts. The primary aim of this study was to investigate possible graft slippage and therefore fixation strength in a modified BPTB autograft technique with suspensory fixation on both sides for primary ACL reconstruction until bony integration takes place.

Methods: Twenty-one patients undergoing primary ACL reconstruction with a modified BPTB autograft (bone-on-bone (BOB) technique) between August 2017 and August 2019 were included in this prospective study.

Lateral ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction using an autologous triceps tendon graft for subclinical posterolateral rotatory instability in recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis.

Purpose: To evaluate midterm outcome of lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) repair with triceps autograft in patients with PLRI under recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis.

Methods: In total, 25 elbows (23 patients) with recalcitrant epicondylitis longer than 12 months were included into this retrospective study. All patients underwent arthroscopic instability examination.

Analysis of Athletes Who Did Not Return to Play After Open Latarjet.

Background: The Latarjet procedure is indicated in patients with risk factors for postoperative recurrence, including collision and competitive athletes. However, the factors that prevent athletes from being able return to play (RTP) after the open Latarjet procedure are still unclear and have not been fully elucidated in the literature.

Purpose: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes and psychological and psychosocial factors associated with athletes who did not RTP after the open Latarjet procedure compared with patients who did RTP.

Acromioclavicular Disk as a Potential Source of Pain in AC Joint Injuries.

Background: Injuries of the acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) are common shoulder injuries that often lead to pain and dysfunction of the affected shoulder. Regardless of operative or nonoperative treatment, a relatively large number of patients remain symptomatic and experience pain. However, the specific source of persistent pain in the ACJ remains ambiguous.

Management options for proximal humerus fractures - A systematic review & network meta-analysis of randomized control trials.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to systematically review the randomized controlled trials on the various treatment options that can be utilized in the management of displaced proximal humerus fractures.

Materials & Methods: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, three independent reviewers performed a systematic review of the literature. Randomized control trials (RCTs) focusing on the outcomes of the following interventions in the management of PHFs were considered for inclusion; (1) non-operative or conservative (NOC) management, (2) open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF), (3) intra-medullary nailing (IMN), (4) shoulder hemi-arthroplasty (HA), and (5) reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).

Rotator Cuff Delamination Is Associated With Increased Tendon Retraction and Higher Fatty Muscle Infiltration: A Comparative Study on Arthroscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Purpose: To investigate (1) tendon delamination according to different rotator cuff tear patterns as well as (2) the association of tendon retraction and fatty muscle infiltration with delamination of the rotator cuff. Furthermore, we aimed to establish the accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of rotator cuff delamination.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair from 2013 to 2015 were retrospectively compared to intraoperative findings.

Evaluation of factors associated with successful 5-year outcomes following arthroscopic Bankart repair in athletes.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of athletes 5-years post-operatively following arthroscopic Bankart repair, and to evaluate factors associated with satisfaction and shoulder function, as defined by subjective shoulder value.

Methods: A retrospective review of athletes who underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair, with a minimum of 5-year follow-up was performed. Recurrence, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), satisfaction, and whether they would undergo the same surgery again, and rate, level and timing of return to play, and Shoulder Instability-Return to Sport after Injury (SIRSI) score were evaluated.

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Primary Versus Recurrent Anterior Instability in Athletes Results in Excellent Clinical Outcomes, High Rates of Return to Play, and Low Recurrence Rates.

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of athletes who have been treated for either primary or recurrent anterior shoulder instability with arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR).

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent ABR for anterior shoulder instability, with a minimum of 24 months' follow-up, was performed. Those who underwent ABR for primary instability were matched in a 1:1 ratio for age, sex, sport, and level of preoperative play to those who underwent ABR for recurrent instability.

Athletes with primary glenohumeral instability demonstrate lower rates of bone loss than those with recurrent instability and failed prior stabilization.

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative magnetic resonance arthrography findings in patients who underwent glenohumeral stabilization with a history of primary instability, recurrent instability, or failed stabilization.

Methods: All patients who presented with glenohumeral instability and underwent stabilization performed by a single surgeon in our institution between 2008 and 2020 were considered for inclusion in this study. The magnetic resonance arthrography findings of all patients were recorded.

Return to Play Following COVID-19 Infection-A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.

Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has had catastrophic impact on a global scale, affecting people from all walks of life including elite athletes.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reported rates of return to play (RTP) in conjunction with the expert-derived guidelines previously recommended to enable safe RTP post COVID-19 infection.

Evidence Acquisition: Two independent reviewers searched the literature based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, utilizing the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases.

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Open Latarjet for Recurrent Shoulder Instability in Athletes.

Background: In athletes with recurrent shoulder instability, arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) and the open Latarjet procedure (OL) are commonly indicated to restore stability and allow them to return to play (RTP).

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of ABR and OL in athletes with recurrent shoulder instability.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Arthroscopic Bankart Repair Versus Open Latarjet for First-Time Dislocators in Athletes.

Background: In athletes with a first-time shoulder dislocation, arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) and the open Latarjet procedure (OL) are the most commonly utilized surgical procedures to restore stability and allow them to return to play (RTP).

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of ABR and OL in athletes with a first-time shoulder dislocation.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Analysis of patients unable to return to play following arthroscopic Bankart repair.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze patients that did not return to play (RTP) following arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) compared to those who did RTP, and analyze factors associated with not returning to play.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent ABR, and subsequently did not RTP after a minimum of 24-month follow-up was performed. Additionally, these were pair matched in a 3:1 ratio for age, gender, sport and level of pre-operative play with a control group who RTP.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part I-Diagnosis, Nonoperative Management, and Bankart Repair-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on the diagnosis, nonoperative management, and Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment using a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part II-Latarjet, Remplissage, and Glenoid Bone-Grafting-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on the Latarjet procedure, remplissage, and glenoid-bone grafting for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment utilizing a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Anterior Shoulder Instability Part III-Revision Surgery, Rehabilitation and Return to Play, and Clinical Follow-Up-An International Consensus Statement.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish consensus statements via a modified Delphi process on revision surgery, rehabilitation and return to play, and clinical follow-up for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A consensus process on the treatment using a modified Delphi technique was conducted, with 65 shoulder surgeons from 14 countries across 5 continents participating. Experts were assigned to one of 9 working groups defined by specific subtopics of interest within anterior shoulder instability.

Excellent Clinical Outcomes and Rates of Return to Play After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair for Traumatic Tears in Athletes Aged 30 Years or Less.

Purpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes and rate of return to play (RTP) among athletes aged 30 years or younger who have undergone an arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) after trauma.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients who underwent an ARCR with a minimum of 12 months' follow-up between 2012 and 2019. Patients were followed up to assess the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Subjective Shoulder Value, visual analog scale score, and satisfaction level.

Magnetic Resonance Arthrography in Rugby Players Undergoing Shoulder Stabilization for Glenohumeral Instability: Professionals Have Higher Frequencies of More Pathologies.

Purpose: To quantify the magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA) findings in rugby players during preoperative workup for anterior surgical stabilization for glenohumeral instability.

Methods: All patients who underwent glenohumeral instability surgery in our institution between 2008 and 2018 were considered for inclusion. Rugby players were identified using the patient's medical notes, with subsequent identification of all professional players.

Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction of the elbow at minimum 48-month mean follow-up demonstrates excellent clinical outcomes with low complication and revision rates: systematic review.

Importance: Tears of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow occur predominantly as an overuse injury, most commonly affecting throwing athletes, particularly baseball players. UCL reconstruction (UCLR) has been described as an effective treatment modality in the short term.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the evidence in the literature to ascertain the clinical outcomes, complication and revision rates in baseball players following UCLR of the elbow at a minimum of 48 months of follow-up.

Open Latarjet Procedure in Athletes Following Failed Prior Instability Surgery Results in Lower Rates of Return to Play.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of open Latarjet (OL) in competitive athletes with primary shoulder instability versus those with recurrent instability versus those undergoing OL for failed prior instability surgery.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent OL with a minimum of 24-month follow-up was performed. Additionally, these were pair-matched in a 1:2:1 ratio for age, gender, sport, level of preoperative play, and follow-up length for primary instability, recurrent instability and failed prior instability surgery.

Long-term outcomes of radial head arthroplasty for radial head fractures-a systematic review at minimum 8-year follow-up.

Background: The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the functional outcomes, radiologic outcomes, and revision rates following radial head arthroplasty (RHA) at a minimum of 8 years follow-up.

Methods: Two independent reviewers performed a literature search using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Only studies reporting on outcomes of RHA with a minimum of mean 8 years' follow-up were considered for inclusion.

Treatment of non-arthritic pseudoparetic shoulders with irreparable massive rotator cuff tears: arthroscopic procedures yield comparable midterm results to reverse arthroplasty.

Background: Irreparable massive rotator cuff tears (IMRCTs) are a well-known cause for functional limitation and difficult to treat. Although several joint-preserving as well as joint-replacing procedures were found to provide pain relief and gain of function, midterm results are scarce, particularly in pseudoparetic shoulder joints unaccompanied by severe osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to compare the midterm functional outcomes of arthroscopic procedures to those of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) in pseudoparetic shoulders with IMRCTs unaccompanied by severe osteoarthritis.