Converting dose-area product to effective dose in dental cone-beam computed tomography using organ-specific deep learning.

Objective: To develop an accurate method for converting dose-area product (DAP) to patient dose for dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using deep learning.

Methods: 24,384 CBCT exposures of an adult phantom were simulated with PCXMC 2.0, using permutations of tube voltage, filtration, source-isocenter distance, beam width/height and isocenter position.

Left Ventricular Volume as a Predictor of Exercise Capacity and Functional Independence in Individuals with Normal Ejection Fraction.

Aims: Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with functional disability, heart failure and mortality. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) has been linked with CRF, but its utility as a diagnostic marker of low CRF has not been tested.

Methods: This multi-center international cohort examined the relationship between LV size on echocardiography and CRF (peak oxygen uptake [peak VO2] from cardiopulmonary exercise testing) in individuals with LV ejection fraction ≥50%.

Comparison of deep learning models to detect crossbites on 2D intraoral photographs.

Background: To support dentists with limited experience, this study trained and compared six convolutional neural networks to detect crossbites and classify non-crossbite, frontal, and lateral crossbites using 2D intraoral photographs.

Methods: Based on 676 photographs from 311 orthodontic patients, six convolutional neural network models were trained and compared to classify (1) non-crossbite vs. crossbite and (2) non-crossbite vs.

Assessment of cone-beam CT technical image quality indicators and radiation dose for optimal STL model used in visual surgical planning.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols that offer an optimal balance between effective dose (ED) and 3D model for orthognathic virtual surgery planning, using CT as a reference, and to assess whether such protocols can be defined based on technical image quality metrics.

Methods: Eleven CBCT (VISO G7, Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) scan protocols were selected out of 32 candidate protocols, based on ED and technical image quality measurements. Next, an anthropomorphic RANDO SK150 phantom was scanned using these 11 CBCT protocols and 2 CT scanners for bone quantity assessments.

Effect of metal artefact reduction level on the assessment of dental implant positioning by cone-beam computed tomography.

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of metal artefact reduction (MAR) level and tube current on the assessment of dental implant positioning relative to the mandibular canal (MC) through cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Titanium dental implants were placed in dried mandibles at 0.5-mm superior to the MC (group 1/n = 8) and 0.

The Relevance of Intraoperative Clinical and Accelerometric Measurements for Thalamotomy Outcome.

Thalamotomy alleviates medication-refractory tremors in patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), Essential tremor (ET), and Holmes tremor (HT). However, limited data are available on tremor intensity during different thalamotomy stages. Also, the predictive value of the intraoperative tremor status for treatment outcomes remains unclear.

Assessment of the root filling volume in C-shaped root canal on cone-beam CT and micro-CT in relation to nano-CT.

Aim: To assess the observed volume of filled C-shaped root canals from different CBCT and micro-CT having nano-CT as a reference.

Materials And Methods: Twelve extracted mandibular molars with C-shaped root canals were endodontically treated using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW GMBH, Munich, Germany) in a reciprocating system and filled with gutta-percha (Dentsply Maillefer) and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). CBCT scans were performed using 3 units-3D Accuitomo 170 (J.

Accuracy of Intra-Oral Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Buccal Bone Loss.

Background: The use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry started in the maxillofacial field, where it was used for complex and comprehensive treatment planning. Due to the use of reduced radiation dose compared to a computed tomography (CT) scan, CBCT has become a frequently used diagnostic tool in dental practice. However, published data on the accuracy of CBCT in the diagnosis of buccal bone level is lacking.

Evaluation of 2- and 3-dimensional anatomic parameters of C-shaped root canals with cone beam computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, and nanocomputed tomography.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate 2-dimensional (2D) and 3D morphometric parameters of C-shaped root canals on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microcomputed tomography (microCT) images using nanocomputed tomography (nanoCT) as the reference standard.

Study Design: Sixty mandibular molars with C-shaped canals were individually scanned using nanoCT and microCT. Cone beam computed tomography acquisitions were then performed with 4 CBCT systems, using high and standard resolutions.

A Novel Accelerometry Method to Perioperatively Quantify Essential Tremor Based on Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Criteria.

The disease status, progression, and treatment effect of essential tremor (ET) patients are currently assessed with clinical scores, such as the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (FTM). The use of objective and rater-independent monitoring of tremors may improve clinical care for patients with ET. Therefore, the focus of this study is to develop an objective accelerometry-based method to quantify ET, based on FTM criteria.

A new formula for converting dose-area product to effective dose in dental cone-beam computed tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine a dedicated conversion formula between dose-area product (DAP) and effective dose (E) for dental CBCT, which incorporates X-ray beam energy as well as geometric factors.

Methods: CBCT exposures of an adult phantom were simulated using PCXMC 2.0 (STUK, Finland).

Discontinuation of Anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients with Perianal Fistulizing Crohn's Disease: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of 309 Patients from 12 Studies.

Background: The risk of relapse after anti-tumour necrosis factor [TNF] therapy discontinuation in Crohn's disease patients with perianal fistulas [pCD] is unclear. We aimed to assess this risk.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted to identify cohort studies on the incidence of relapse following anti-TNF discontinuation in pCD patients.

European survey on the use of patient contact shielding during radiological examinations.

Objectives: Contact shielding (CS) of patients during X-ray studies has been used for decades to protect radiosensitive organs. This practice has not changed much despite increasing evidence that CS is not useful in many cases. The Gonad And Patient Shielding (GAPS) group-founded by representatives of the main European bodies involved in radiology-promoted this survey to assess the current practice of CS among European radiology departments and the attitude towards a non-shielding policy.

Influence of metal artefact reduction on the diagnosis of contact between implant and mandibular canal in cone beam computed tomography: An ex-vivo study.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of metal artefact reduction (MAR) in the diagnosis of dental implant contact with the mandibular canal (MC) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Dental implants were installed with surgical guides in the posterior hemiarches of 10 dry human mandibles: 0.5 mm above to the MC cortex (G1/n = 8) and 0.

An arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus alters soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity in a soil texture specific way.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) alter plant water relations and contribute to soil structure. Although soil hydraulic properties depend on soil structure and may limit plant water uptake, little is known about how AMF influence soil water retention (the relation between the soil water content and soil water potential) and hydraulic conductivity in different soils. Instead, these soil hydraulic properties often are considered to be independent of AMF presence in experiments.

Early fecal calprotectin levels at week 8 may guide therapeutic decisions on Ustekinumab therapy in patients with Crohn's disease.

Background: Response evaluation after induction therapy with ustekinumab (UST) in Crohn's disease (CD) is important for decisions on maintenance therapy. We aimed to assess the potential of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels to predict endoscopic response at week 16.

Methods: CD patients with FC >100 µg/g and endoscopic active disease (SES-CD> 2, Rutgeerts' score ≥ i2) at initiation of UST therapy were enrolled.

Image quality for visualization of cracks and fine endodontic structures using 10 CBCT devices with various scanning protocols and artefact conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate CBCT exposure protocols and CBCT devices in terms of image quality for the detection of cracks and fine endodontic structures using 3 conditions of metallic artifacts. An anthropomorphic phantom containing teeth with cracks, isthmus, narrow canal, and apical delta was scanned using ten CBCT devices. A reference industrial CT image was used to detect and measure all structures.

Modulation of Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 During Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity in Humans and Mice.

Background And Aims: Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase-1 (IDO1), a key enzyme in tryptophan metabolism, is strongly up-regulated both in human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and animal models of colitis, however its role in the pathogenesis is still controversial. In this study, we investigated IDO1 expression and activity in a mouse model of DSS-induced chronic colitis as well as in colon biopsies and sera from IBD patients.

Methods: Chronic colitis was induced in mice through the oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and IDO1 activity was induced by i.

As low as diagnostically acceptable dose imaging in maxillofacial trauma: a reference quality approach.

Objectives: As-low-as-diagnostically-acceptable (ALADA) doses are substantially lower than current diagnostic reference levels. To improve dose management, a reference quality approach was tested in which phantom quality metrics of a clinical ALADA dose reference protocol were used to benchmark potential ALADA dose protocols for various scanner models.

Methods: Spatial resolution, contrast resolution, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and subjective noise and sharpness were evaluated for a clinical ALADA dose reference protocol at 80 kV and 40 mA (CTDIvol 2.