Mitochondrial DNA oxidation and content in different metabolic phenotypes of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-20% of reproductive-aged women. Insulin resistance (IR) is common in PCOS with consequent elevated risks of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular mortality. PCOS and obesity are complex conditions associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MS), contributing to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).

Standard protocols for plant health scientific assessments.

In accordance with the EFSA Strategy 2027 outlining the need for fit-for-purpose protocols for EFSA generic scientific assessments, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH Panel) developed standard protocols to harmonise the problem formulation process and outputs for mandates addressing recurrent scientific questions. Three types of recurring EFSA plant health mandates require generic scientific assessments: (i) pest categorisation; (ii) commodity risk assessment for the purpose of derogation to provisions of the EU plant health law and (iii) quantitative pest risk assessment. The three standard protocols are tailored to the appropriate level of detail and build on the existing guidance documents laying out the methods for conducting risk assessment in the plant health domain.

Pest categorisation of .

The European Commission requested the EFSA Panel on Plant Health to conduct a pest categorisation of (Ellis & Everh) Sutton, following commodity risk assessments of , , and plants from the UK, in which was identified as a pest of possible concern to the EU. When first described, was a clearly defined fungus of the family Schizoparmaceae, but due to lack of a curated type-derived DNA sequence, current identification based only on DNA sequence is uncertain and taxa previously reported to be this fungus based on molecular identification must be confirmed. The uncertainty on the reported identification of this species translates into uncertainty on all the sections of this categorisation.

Pest risk assessment of African species for the European Union.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a quantitative risk assessment for the EU of African species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), which are fruit and shoot borers, especially of eggplant type fruit. The assessment focused on (i) potential pathways for entry, (ii) distribution of infested imports within EU, (iii) climatic conditions favouring establishment, (iv) spread and (v) impact. Options for risk reduction are discussed, but their effectiveness was not quantified.

Pest risk assessment of for the European Union.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a quantitative risk assessment of (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), the eggplant fruit and shoot borer, for the EU. The assessment focused on potential pathways for entry, climatic conditions favouring establishment, spread and impact. Options for risk reduction are discussed but effectiveness was not quantified.

Aberrant Platelet Aggregation as Initial Presentation of Essential Thrombocythemia: Failure of Entero-Coated Aspirin to Reduce Platelet Hyperactivation.

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm variant characterized by excessive production of platelets. Since the most common cause of mortality and morbidity in ET patients is thrombosis, the excessive production of platelets may cause thrombotic events. However, little is known about the function of platelets in ET.

Pest categorisation of .

Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( grafted on ) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species.

Pest categorisation of .

Following the commodity risk assessments of bonsai plants from China consisting of grafted on performed by EFSA, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen has been reported on herbaceous, woody and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf blight, shoot blight, seedling blight, pod canker, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, and gummosis. Moreover, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic hosts.

Sellar xanthogranuloma as a diagnostic challenge: a report on five cases.

Xanthogranulomas are considered rare tumors, with their sellar and non-sellar frequency ranging from 1.6 to 7% among intracranial lesions, and described as a separate entity by the World Health Organization in 2000. The diagnosis of sellar xanthogranulomas is challenging, given their uncertain origin and clinical course.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Nematoda: Hoplolaimidae) for the EU. belongs to the order Rhabditida, subfamily Hoplolaiminae. This nematode is not reported from the EU and is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072.

Pest categorisation of the .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of the avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) for the EU. The identity of ASBVd, a member of the genus (family ) is clearly defined and detection and identification methods are available. The pathogen is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects and causing various symptoms such as canker, twig blight, gummosis, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, dieback and tree decline. The pathogen is present in Asia (India, Iran, Türkiye) and in non-EU Europe (Serbia).

Pest categorisation of , and .

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of (Dietel) Sydow & P. Sydow, (Arthur & F. Kern) and (Schwein.

Pest categorisation of coconut cadang-cadang viroid.

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health updated its 2017 pest categorisation of coconut cadang cadang viroid (CCCVd) for the EU territory due to new data on its host range. The identity of CCCVd, a member of the genus (family Pospiviroidae), is established and detection and identification methods are available. It is included as a quarantine pest for the EU in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of Arthur ex Cummins, a clearly defined heteroecious fungus of the family Coleosporiaceae, causing rust diseases on five-needle spp. (aecial hosts) and on several genera of the Asteraceae family (telial hosts), such as spp. and spp.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of , a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Botryosphaeriaceae. The pathogen affects a wide range of woody perennial crops and ornamental plants causing symptoms such as leaf spot, shoot blight, branch dieback, canker, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot, gummosis and root rot. The pathogen is present in Africa, Asia, North and South America, and Oceania.

Tailoring Rituximab According to CD27-Positive B-Cell versus CD19-Positive B-Cell Monitoring in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder and MOG-Associated Disease: Results from a Single-Center Study.

Introduction: B-cell-depleting agents have been widely used for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG-associated diseases (MOGAD), but no consensus exists on the optimal dose and frequency of treatment administration. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a Rituximab (RTX) personalized treatment approach based on CD27-positive B-cell monitoring on efficacy, safety, and infusion rates.

Methods: This is a retrospective, uncontrolled, single-center study including patients with NMOSD and MOGAD treated with RTX at a tertiary multiple sclerosis center at the San Luigi University Hospital, Orbassano, Italy.

Risk assessment of for the EU.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a risk assessment of the citrus fruit midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an oligophagous species, which feeds on fruits of spp., and is reported from China. The pest was temporarily regulated in October 2022 (Regulation (EU) 2022/1941, under Art.

Risk assessment of for the EU.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a risk assessment of (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the citrus pulp borer, an oligophagous pest reported from South-East Asia and restricted to spp. The entry risk assessment focused on the citrus fruit pathway. Two scenarios were considered: scenario A0 (current practice) and A2 (additional post-harvest cold treatment).

Risk assessment of pv. for the EU.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a risk assessment of pv. (Xcv). This pest causes bacterial canker of grapevine and is reported from Brazil and India.

Pest risk assessment of for the European Union.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest risk assessment of (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the navel orangeworm, for the EU. The quantitative assessment considered two scenarios: (i) current practices and (ii) a requirement for chilled transport. The assessment focused on pathways of introduction, climatic conditions and cultivation of hosts allowing establishment, spread and impact.

Pest categorisation of the non-EU phytoplasmas of tuber-forming spp.

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of four phytoplasmas of tuber-forming spp. known to occur only outside the EU or having a limited presence in the EU. The only tuber-forming species of reported to be phytoplasma infected is .