Astrocyte transcriptomic analysis identifies glypican 5 downregulation as a contributor to synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease models.

Synaptic dysfunction is an early feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline. Astrocytes are essential regulators of synapses, impacting synapse formation, maturation, elimination and function. To understand if synapse-supportive functions of astrocytes are altered in AD, we used astrocyte BacTRAP mice to generate a comprehensive dataset of hippocampal astrocyte transcriptional alterations in two mouse models of Alzheimer's pathology (APPswe/PS1dE9 and Tau P301S), characterizing sex and age-dependent changes.

Stereotactic body radiation therapy for adrenal gland metastases: A multi-institutional outcome analysis.

Aim: The adrenal gland is a common site of metastasis with a rate of up to 27% in autopsy series. The incidence of these metastases is increasing due to greater use of Positron Emission Tomography scans and improved overall survival of patients with metastatic cancers. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a non-invasive treatment option for metastasis.

Anti-inflammatory effects of Arnica montana (mother tincture and homeopathic dilutions) in various cell models.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The plant Arnica montana L. has been shown to alleviate inflammation, pain and swelling associated with trauma, and post-operative clinical conditions, yet the mechanism of action is not well understood.

Aim Of The Study: The study was designed to investigate the effect of Arnica montana (A.

Astrocyte contribution to dysfunction, risk and progression in neurodegenerative disorders.

There is increasing appreciation that non-neuronal cells contribute to the initiation, progression and pathology of diverse neurodegenerative disorders. This Review focuses on the role of astrocytes in disorders including Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The important roles astrocytes have in supporting neuronal function in the healthy brain are considered, along with studies that have demonstrated how the physiological properties of astrocytes are altered in neurodegenerative disorders and may explain their contribution to neurodegeneration.

Assessment of Factors Associated With Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infections in France.

Importance: Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a leading pathogen contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: To better understand factors associated with the heterogeneity of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in France.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study performed from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was based on data collected via PRIMO (Surveillance and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes), a nationwide clinical laboratory surveillance system in France.

Anti-oxidant Effect of High Dilutions of , and in Microglial Cells .

Microglial cells play important roles in inflammatory responses. The level of oxidative stress is a well-known marker of inflammation. Homeopathic medicines are often used clinically to alleviate inflammation.

Cost-effectiveness of hypofractionated versus conventional radiotherapy in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer: An ancillary study of the PROstate fractionated irradiation trial - PROFIT.

Purpose: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of moderate Hypofractionated Radiotherapy (H-RT) compared to Conventional Radiotherapy (C-RT) for intermediate-risk prostate caner (PCa).

Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial including 222 patients from six French cancer centers was conducted as an ancillary study of the international PROstate Fractionated Irradiation Trial (PROFIT). We carried-out a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) from the payer's perspective, with a time horizon of 48 months.

[Intermediate-risk prostate cancer treated with exclusive external irradiation: Focus on anatomical sites of recurrence in two French trials].

Purpose: Retrospective description of anatomical sites of relapse based on (18F)-choline PET-CT, (68Ga)-prostatic specific-membrane antigen PET-CT, bone scan, and prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Materials And Methods: From two French prospective cohorts, patients treated with exclusive radiotherapy for an intermediate-risk cancer were identified during their follow-ups. They were included if they presented a rising of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) associated with the realization of an imaging showing the sites of recurrences.

Treatment related factors associated with the risk of breast radio-induced-sarcoma.

Background And Purpose: The Radiation Induced Sarcoma (RIS) is a rare but serious adverse event following radiotherapy (RT). Current RT techniques are more precise, but irradiate a larger volume at a low dose. This study aimed to describe radiation characteristics in a large series of patients suffering from RIS.

Lung stereotactic body radiation therapy: personalized PTV margins according to tumor location and number of four-dimensional CT scans.

Objectives: To characterise the motion of pulmonary tumours during stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and to evaluate different margins when creating the planning target volume (PTV) on a single 4D CT scan (4DCT).

Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-site analysis on 30 patients undergoing lung SBRT. Two 4DCTs (4DCT1 and 4DCT2) were performed on all patients.

Postoperative radiotherapy versus no postoperative radiotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer and proven mediastinal N2 involvement (Lung ART): an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial.

Background: In patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the use of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) has been controversial since 1998, because of one meta-analysis showing a deleterious effect on survival in patients with pN0 and pN1, but with an unclear effect in patients with pN2 NSCLC. Because many changes have occurred in the management of patients with NSCLC, the role of three-dimensional (3D) conformal PORT warrants further investigation in patients with stage IIIAN2 NSCLC. The aim of this study was to establish whether PORT should be part of their standard treatment.

Astrocyte-neuron interplay is critical for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and is rescued by TRPA1 channel blockade.

The sequence of cellular dysfunctions in preclinical Alzheimer's disease must be understood if we are to plot new therapeutic routes. Hippocampal neuronal hyperactivity is one of the earliest events occurring during the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease in both humans and mouse models. The most common hypothesis describes amyloid-β accumulation as the triggering factor of the disease but the effects of this accumulation and the cascade of events leading to cognitive decline remain unclear.

An innovative bivariate approach to detect joint temporal trends in environmental conditions: Application to large French rivers and diadromous fish.

Most key life-events of organisms are synchronized by complex interactions of several environmental cues to ensure optimal survival and growth of individuals and their offspring. However, global change is known to affect multiple components of ecosystems and cues at the same time. Therefore, detecting joint trends in covariate time series is a crucial challenge in global change ecology that has rarely been addressed so far.

Predictors of failed intrauterine balloon tamponade for persistent postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery.

Objective: To identify the predictors of intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) failure for persistent postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal delivery.

Design: Retrospective case-series in five maternity units in a perinatal network.

Setting: All women who underwent IUBT for persistent PPH after vaginal delivery from January 2011 to December 2015 in these hospitals.

[Siriade 2.0: An e-learning platform for radiation oncology contouring].

Purpose: In 2008, the French national society of radiation oncology (SFRO) and the association for radiation oncology continued education (AFCOR) created Siriade, an e-learning website dedicated to contouring.

Material And Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, this platform was updated using the latest digital online tools available. Two main sections were needed: a theoretical part and another section of online workshops.

[Interest of image-guided radiotherapy for brain tumors and positioning control].

A narrow therapeutic index and more and more patients with long survival characterize primary and second brain tumors. Image-guided radiotherapy can increase accuracy of the patient's position during a course of intracranial irradiation thanks to a direct or indirect visualization of targets volumes. Treatment reproducibility and organ at risk-sparing are the primary issues, particularly with the development of stereotactic radiotherapy and protontherapy.

TRPA1 channels promote astrocytic Ca hyperactivity and synaptic dysfunction mediated by oligomeric forms of amyloid-β peptide.

Background: Excessive synaptic loss is thought to be one of the earliest events in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the key mechanisms that maintain plasticity of synapses during adulthood or initiate synapse dysfunction in AD remain unknown. Recent studies suggest that astrocytes contribute to functional changes observed during synaptic plasticity and play a major role in synaptic dysfunction but astrocytes behavior and involvement in early phases of AD remained largely undefined.

Phase II Study of a Radiotherapy Total Dose Increase in Hypoxic Lesions Identified by F-Misonidazole PET/CT in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (RTEP5 Study).

See an invited perspective on this article on page 1043.This multicenter phase II study investigated a selective radiotherapy dose increase to tumor areas with significant F-misonidazole (F-FMISO) uptake in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Eligible patients had locally advanced NSCLC and no contraindication to concomitant chemoradiotherapy.

[Clinical audit of screening for gestational diabetes among 848 pregnant women in 23 maternity units of the Pays de la Loire, 2014].

Introduction: Guidelines for screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were published in 2010. An audit of the maternity units of the Pays de la Loire network sought to determine the adherence rate and to study the factors affecting it in order to propose corrective measures to improve it.

Methods: The perinatal network in Pays de la Loire provided obstetricians of the 23 participating maternity units with a set of criteria to be collected from the files of women giving birth.

Preoperative chemoradiation with paclitaxel-carboplatin or with fluorouracil-oxaliplatin-folinic acid (FOLFOX) for resectable esophageal and junctional cancer: the PROTECT-1402, randomized phase 2 trial.

Background: Often curative treatment for locally advanced resectable esophageal or gastro-esophageal junctional cancer consists of concurrent neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy followed by surgery. Currently, one of the most commonly used chemotherapy regimens in this setting is a combination of a fluoropyrimidin and of a platinum analogue. Due to the promising results of the recent CROSS trial, another regimen combining paclitaxel and carboplatin is also widely used by European and American centers.

[Prognostic value of the metabolically active tumour volume].

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of different parameters on pretreatment fluorodeoxyglucose [((18)F)-FDG] positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) in patients with localized oesophageal cancer.

Patients And Method: We retrospectively reviewed 83 cases of localised oesophageal cancer treated in our institution. Patients were treated with curative intent and have received chemoradiotherapy alone or followed by surgery.

[Are extensive fields useful for radiotherapy of esophageal cancer?].

Purpose: Study of the pattern of relapse for locally advanced oesophageal cancer and analysis of the local recurrences according to irradiated volume.

Patients And Methods: We performed a monocentric retrospective study of patients treated in the integrated centre of oncology (Angers, France). Two treatment strategies were used: concurrent chemoradiation alone or followed by surgery.

[Use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract].

Urothelial carcinomas of the upper urinary tract are rare entities. Surgery remains the mainstay of the management. The use of others therapeutic modalities is not clearly defined yet.

[Differential diagnosis of local tumor recurrence or radionecrosis after stereotactic radiosurgery for treatment of brain metastasis].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of choice for follow-up of irradiated brain metastasis. It is difficult to differentiate local tumour recurrences from radiation induced-changes in case of suspicious contrast enhancement. New advanced MRI techniques (perfusion and spectrometry) and amino acid positron-emission tomography (PET) allow to be more accurate and could avoid a stereotactic biopsy for histological assessment, the only reliable but invasive method.