Anatomical and Biomechanical Properties of the Junction between Stem and Aerial Roots of .

Cacti have a distinct adaptation to arid conditions with a massive water storing tissue surrounding a weak central woody cylinder. However, they have not been studied as extensively as other plants have been. is a hemi-epiphytic root climber that attaches itself to supporting plants or rocks with adventitious roots.

Evaluation of a trial-based interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis.

We evaluated the viability of an interview-informed synthesized-contingency analysis (IISCA) conducted in a trial-based format with 3 children with autism spectrum disorders who engaged in problem behavior. We compared results to those from typical trial-based and traditional functional analyses and found high degrees of correspondence. The trial-based IISCA format took the least amount of time to conduct and was associated with the lowest frequencies of problem behavior.

Network Reconstruction Reveals that Valproic Acid Activates Neurogenic Transcriptional Programs in Adult Brain Following Traumatic Injury.

Objectives: To determine the mechanism of action of valproic acid (VPA) in the adult central nervous system (CNS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Methods: Data were analyzed from different sources, including experiments in a porcine model, data from postmortem human brain, published studies, public and commercial databases.

Results: The transcriptional program in the CNS following TBI, HS, and VPA treatment includes activation of regulatory pathways that enhance neurogenesis and suppress gliogenesis.