The Role of the Extrafibrillar Volume on the Mechanical Properties of Molecular Models of Mineralized Bone Microfibrils.

Bones are responsible for body support, structure, motion, and several other functions that enable and facilitate life for many different animal species. They exhibit a complex network of distinct physical structures and mechanical properties, which ultimately depend on the fraction of their primary constituents at the molecular scale. However, the relationship between structure and mechanical properties in bones are still not fully understood.

Devising Bone Molecular Models at the Nanoscale: From Usual Mineralized Collagen Fibrils to the First Bone Fibers Including Hydroxyapatite in the Extra-Fibrillar Volume.

At the molecular scale, bone is mainly constituted of type-I collagen, hydroxyapatite, and water. Different fractions of these constituents compose different composite materials that exhibit different mechanical properties at the nanoscale, where the bone is characterized as a fiber, i.e.

Patient-Specific Bone Multiscale Modelling, Fracture Simulation and Risk Analysis-A Survey.

This paper provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners from biology, medicine, physics and engineering who can benefit from an up-to-date literature survey on patient-specific bone fracture modelling, simulation and risk analysis. This survey hints at a framework for devising realistic patient-specific bone fracture simulations. This paper has 18 sections: presents the main interested parties; explains the organzation of the text; motivates further work on patient-specific bone fracture simulation; motivates this survey; concerns the collection of bibliographical references; motivates the physico-mathematical approach to bone fracture; presents the modelling of bone as a continuum; categorizes the surveyed literature into a continuum mechanics framework; concerns the computational modelling of bone geometry; concerns the estimation of bone mechanical properties; concerns the selection of boundary conditions representative of bone trauma; concerns bone fracture simulation; presents the multiscale structure of bone; concerns the multiscale mathematical modelling of bone; concerns the experimental validation of bone fracture simulations; concerns bone fracture risk assessment.