Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) in a Colombian Sample.

Unlabelled: Electronic cigarettes had become a public health concern, generating the need of having standardized instruments to evaluate the consequences of their use.

Objective: The goal of this study was to adapt and evaluate the validity and reliability of the Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index (ECDI) to a Colombian sample.

Method: In this instrumental quantitative research, the instrument was adapted to the Spanish language, evaluated by expert judges and contested by 128 adult regular electronic cigarettes users.

Decision-making in children in the Hungry Donkey Test: A behavioral analysis.

This study analyzed choice behavior in the Hungry Donkey Task, with a focus on learning trajectories and the stability of preference, in 100 children of different ages (8-9, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, and 16-17 years old). The results indicated that (a) learning occurred as the task progressed, (b) early adolescents performed poorly during the task, and (c) most of the participants did not reach the stability criterion during the task. The present study suggests that decision-making in children and adolescents varies with age, and that the inclusion of an operant-based approach (e.

Matching-to-sample as a model of symbolic behavior for bio-behavioral investigations.

This paper discusses the use of matching-to-sample as a procedure to investigate symbolic behavior acquisition when studying the evolution of language. It is argued that generalized identity and stimulus classes formed after learning arbitrary interconnected conditional stimulus relationships may be the result of basic pre-symbolic processes. Such aspects may thus provide relevant information for interdisciplinary research on symbolic behavior and language evolution.