Reemergence of mumps in São Paulo, Brazil - the urgent need for booster shot campaign to prevent a serious infectious disease.

Introduction:: Neglected infectious diseases like mumps may be opportunistic in controlled areas with low vaccine coverage, particularly in developed and emerging countries.

Methods:: A retrospective analysis of mumps-related data from 2001 to 2016 for São Paulo State, Brazil was conducted.

Results:: From 2014 to 2015, there was an increase of 82% in reported mumps cases in São Paulo, with prevalence of n=49 and 297, respectively in young adults aged 15-29 years.

Human polyomaviruses JC and BK in the urine of Brazilian children and adolescents vertically infected by HIV.

The aim of this study was to characterize the urinary excretion of the BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) human polyomaviruses in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and adolescents. One hundred and fifty-six patients were enrolled: Group I included 116 HIV-infected children and adolescents [median age = 11.4 years (y); range 1-22 y]; Group II included 40 non-HIV-infected healthy controls (median age = 11.