Subtrochanteric fractures of the femur: update.

Because of the anatomical peculiarities of the subtrochanteric region, treatment of fractures in this region remains challenging. The undeniable evolution of implants has not been accompanied by the expected decrease in the complication rate. The aim of this study was to discuss critical points in detail, such as preoperative planning, reduction tactics and the current scientific evidence concerning treatment of subtrochanteric fractures of the femur.

Expanding indications of the horizontal belt plate: a technical note.

Background: Although the standard treatment for articular fractures usually involves open anatomic reduction and internal fixation with the concept of absolute stability, achieving adequate fracture stabilisation in multifragmentary patterns is always challenging. Several anatomical implants were developed to increase stabilisation and improve clinical outcomes in articular fractures. However modern implants, especially in developing countries, are expensive and not always available for routine use.

Interprosthetic femoral fractures: proposed new classification system and treatment algorithm.

Interprosthetic femoral fracture is a rare and challenging fragility fracture issue. Due to aging of the population, the incidence of this type of fracture is gradually and constantly increasing. There is no complete and specific interprosthetic femoral fracture classification system that indicates treatment and prognosis in the literature.

Radiographic anatomy of the proximal femur: correlation with the occurrence of fractures.

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between radiographic parameters of the proximal femur anatomy and fractures.

Methods: Three hundred and five digital x-rays of the pelvis were analyzed in the anteroposterior view. Of these x-rays, twenty-seven showed femoral neck or transtrochanteric fractures.

LOCALIZATION OF THE TIBIAL ENTRY POINT.

Objective: To assess the intramedullary nail entry point in the proximal region of the tibia, through a questionnaire.

Methods: 230 participants undergoing treatment for tibial fractures were interviewed. The questionnaire was created with three sections that could be answered in a "Yes" or "No" format and a fourth section that had two figures representing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view x-rays that could be answered in an "A, "B" or "C" format.

FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL EXTREMITY OF THE TIBIA TREATED WITH INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL OR BRIDGE PLATE: COMPARISON OF RADIATION EXPOSURE DURATION BETWEEN THE TWO METHODS.

Objective: To compare the duration of exposure to radiation among patients with fractures of the distal third of the tibia treated with an intramedullary nail or with a bridge plate.

Methods: Intramedullary nails were used for 33 fractures, and bridge plates were used for 41 fractures. In the nail group, according to the AO classification, 14 patients had type A fractures, 15 had type B and four had type C.

CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL COMPARISON OF THE FIBULAR NERVE IN GERDY's SAFE ZONE.

Objective: To clinically and anatomically compare the limits of the fibular nerve in Gerdy's safe zone in cadavers.

Methods: Fifty anatomical knee specimens were clinically measured (before dissection) to determine the distances and angles between Gerdy's tubercle and the posterior region of the fibula (cm); the angle between the line corresponding to the posterior region of the fibula and the tibial crest (degrees); and the angle between Gerdy's tubercle and the tibial crest (degrees). After dissection of the anatomical specimens, the knees were measured again, to determine the distances and angles between Gerdy's tubercle and the fibular nerve (cm); the angle between the fibular nerve, in the posterior region of the fibula, and the tibial crest (degrees); and the angle between Gerdy's tubercle and the tibial crest (degrees).

ENTRY POINT FOR THE ANTEGRADE FEMORAL INTRAMEDULLARY NAIL: A CADAVER STUDY.

Objective: To analyze the natural exit of the wire guides in major trochanter through retrograde femoral approach, in cadaver specimens.

Material And Method: 100 femurs had been perforated between the femoral condyles, at 1.2 cm of the intercondylar region.