Variations of oral anatomy and common oral lesions.

Several topics related to the oral cavity are briefly addressed in this article, from anatomical variations that, when recognized, avoid unnecessary investigations, to diseases that affect exclusively the mouth, mucocutaneous diseases, as well as oral manifestations of systemic diseases. A complete clinical examination comprises the examination of the mouth, and this approach facilitates clinical practice, shortening the path to diagnosis in the outpatient clinic as well as with in-hospital patients. The objective of this article is to encourage the examination of the oral cavity as a useful tool in medical practice, helping to recognize diseases in this location.

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis in 18-year-old adolescents - Prevalence and associated factors: a population-based study.

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a painful disorder of unknown etiology. It is among the most common oral mucosal lesions with high prevalence among young adults.

Objectives: To conduct a population-based study with 18-year-old army recruiters to assess its prevalence and associated factors in male adolescents.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with spider bite.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an acute febrile rash, usually induced by drugs, which recently has been linked to spider bite. We report a case of a male patient, 48 years old, with an erythematous rash accompanied by fever and small non-follicular pustules. He reported previous pain in the buttock with the onset of a necrotic plaque.

Acne scars in 18-year-old male adolescents: a population-based study of prevalence and associated factors.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a pilosebaceous follicle disorder affecting over 85% of adolescents to some degree. It frequently causes psychological distress that may persist into adulthood due to scarring. Little information about post-acne scarring epidemiology is available.

Pretibial mucinosis in an euthyroid patient.

A case of exuberant pretibial mucinosis in a patient with normal thyroid function is reported. A review of literature on possible etiologies other than thyroid disease for the accumulation of mucin in the pretibial area is presented. In the patient described, it is possible that vascular insufficiency is involved.

Infantile generalized hypertrichosis caused by topical minoxidil.

Rare cases of hypertrichosis have been associated with topically applied minoxidil. We present the first reported case in the Brazilian literature of generalized hypertrichosis affecting a 5-year-old child, following use of minoxidil 5%, 20 drops a day, for hair loss. The laboratory investigation excluded hyperandrogenism and thyroid dysfunction.

HTLV-1-associated infective dermatitis and probable HTLV-1- associated myelopathy in an adolescent female.

Human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated infective dermatitis (ID) is a chronic, severe and recurrent eczema occurring during childhood in patients vertically infected with HTLV-1. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesia (HAM/ TSP) is slow and progressive. We report the case of an adolescent female from a non-endemic area for HTLV-1 who presents ID and, most likely, associated HAM/TSP.

Dissatisfaction and acne vulgaris in male adolescents and associated factors.

Background: Acne vulgaris has high prevalence, disturbing quality of life during adolescence.

Objectives: To measure dissastifaction and acne in 18-year-old male individuals and its associated factors.

Methods: A questionnaire was applied by trained interviewers to all boys during selection for the military service.

Tattoos on 18-year-old male adolescents--characteristics and associated factors.

Background: Prevalence of tattoos is around 10-26% in men and 10-22% in women, and can involve negative effects such as: regret, removal attempts, physical and biological changes of the skin and association with some viral diseases.

Objective: to determine the prevalence, characteristics and factors associated with tattoos in recruiters joining the military.

Methods: the recruiters were examined by dermatologists that documented the presence or absence of tattoos, as well as their sizes, colors, designs and patterns, and whether they needed a parent's consent to get a tattoo.

Simultaneous Larva Migrans and Larva Currens Caused by Strongyloides stercoralis: A Case Report.

Strongyloidiasis is an infectious disease caused by the Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, which penetrate the skin, go through the lymphatic circulation, and migrate to the lungs before reaching the intestines. They mature and may cause cutaneous strongyloidiasis, known as larva currens because of the quick migratory rate of the larva. The authors describe a case in which the larvae did not follow their natural lymph route, and after penetrating into the intertriginous area, they migrated to the dermis, developing larva migrans in the early phase, and later associated with the typical lesions of larva currens.

Case for diagnosis. Chilblains.

Chilblains are an inflammatory skin condition that develops following exposure to the cold. They consist of pruritic and/or painful erythematous-to-violaceous acral lesions and are the result of an abnormal vascular response to exposure to the cold. This benign condition is common in southern Brazil, particularly in Rio Grande do Sul where climatic conditions, together with cultural and economic aspects, facilitate the development of these sores.

Concordance between direct microscopy and fungical culture for the diagnostic of feet's onychomycosis.

Prospective study compared the agreement between the direct microscopy and fungical culture from subungueal samples of the patients with clinical suspicion of feet's onychomycosis. The agreement occurred in 56.1% of the exams with dermatophytes, in 52.

Molecular modeling of T. rangeli, T. brucei gambiense, and T. evansi sialidases in complex with the DANA inhibitor.

Trypanosomal (trans-) sialidases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sialic acid residues between host and parasite glycoconjugates. Herein, we have used homology modeling to construct the 3D structures of sialidases from Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma evansi. Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical molecular dynamics simulations were used to determine the interaction energy between the 2-deoxy-2,3-didehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid inhibitor and the three sialidases studied here.

Scalp seborrheic dermatitis: prevalence and associated factors in male adolescents.

Background: The prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in the general population is variable in the literature. Factors associated with SD are not well understood.

Objective: To verify the prevalence of scalp SD in a selected survey of male adolescents on mandatory military service and to find possible associated factors (skin color, socioeconomic level, triceps skin fold, acne, and tobacco consumption).

[Case for diagnosis. Erythema elevatum diutinum].

Erythema elevatum diutinum is a rare presentation of cutaneous vasculitis. Typical lesions are papules, plaques, and nodules that may coalesce and later turn to yellow-brown color. The extensor surface of the extremities is the most involved area and older lesions may present xanthomatous appearance.

Scutular tinea of the scrotum: report of two cases.

Infections caused by dermathophytes in the scrotal skin are uncommon especially due to Microsporum gypseum, which may form scutular or favus-like lesions. We report two patients with this type of tinea: one immune suppressed by HIV infection and another immunocompetent without comorbidity. In the literature we found only two reports in immunocompetent patients and some in immune suppressed with similar symptoms.

Stomatodynia or burning mouth syndrome.

We reviewed the literature on stomatodynia particularly to identify the factors associated with this annoying manifestation in order to better understand it and treat it. No consensus was found in the literature regarding etiological factors, associated morbidity, treatment, and definition of the burning mouth syndrome. This review aims at defining the disease, its characteristics, criteria for the diagnosis, and treatment.