Cashew nut consumption reduces waist circumference and oxidative stress in adolescents with obesity: A randomized clinical trial.

Previous evidence suggests that certain types of nuts, when included in a healthy diet pattern, may provide health benefits. Therefore, we hypothesize that the consumption of cashew nuts associated with a healthy diet may enhance antioxidant defenses and improve anthropometric and body composition parameters in individuals with obesity. We conducted a 12-week randomized clinical trial, divided into 4 sessions, involving adolescents randomly assigned to receive either 30 g of roasted cashew nuts together with nutrition education (cashew nut group-CNG) or only nutrition education (control group-CG).

Surgical management of ulnar artery aneurysm in hypothenar hammer syndrome.

Ulnar artery aneurysms are extremely rare and are mainly associated with hypothenar hammer syndrome, an ischemic disorder of the hand resulting from mechanical and repetitive trauma to the hypothenar region. The ulnar artery is hit against the hook of the hamate bone, causing damage to the vessel wall and leading to occlusion or formation of an aneurysm. We describe the case of a truck driver who underwent resection of an ulnar artery aneurysm in the right hand and reconstruction using end-to-end anastomosis with no complications or recurrence.

Enhancing physicochemical properties of hydrochlorothiazide with zwitterionic L-proline and 5-fluorocytosine cocrystals through mechanochemical synthesis.

Hydrochlorothiazide (HTZ) is a thiazide-type diuretic drug approved by the FDA in 1959 for treatment of hypertension and peripheral edema and has been used since. HTZ exhibits low solubility and low permeability, leading to variable oral bioavailability and limited intestinal drug permeability. For this reason, several attempts to improve HTZ physicochemical properties have been made during the past decades.

Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized γ-Lactams via Ugi Reaction/Michael Addition.

The γ-lactam ring is a prominent feature in medicinal chemistry, and its synthesis has garnered significant interest due to its valuable properties. Among the γ-lactams, 2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carbonitrile derivatives stand out as versatile synthons that can be readily transformed into a variety of other functional groups. In this work, we successfully synthesized highly functionalized 3-cyano-2-pyrrolidinones with moderate to good overall yields using the Ugi reaction followed by intramolecular Michael addition.

POE-Mediated Tunable Quantum Yield of Carbon Dots-Derived From Agapanthus Africanus (L.) Hoffmann Leaves.

The green synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from natural sources is a challenging goal. Herein CDs are produced from Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmann leaves by carbonization at 200/300 °C for 2/3 h.

Corrigendum: Leaf surfaces and neolithization - the case of .

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.

Full-body resistance training promotes greater fat mass loss than a split-body routine in well-trained males: A randomized trial.

While significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about its impact on fat mass loss. This study aimed to investigate whether full-body is superior to split-body routine in promoting fat mass loss among well-trained males. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: full-body (n = 11, training muscle groups 5 days per week) and split-body (n = 12, training muscle groups 1 day per week).

Higher volume resistance training enhances whole-body muscle hypertrophy in postmenopausal and older females: A secondary analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Objective: This study explored the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on muscle hypertrophy in postmenopausal and older females.

Methods: This systematic review searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Studies with postmenopausal (age ≥ 45 y) or older females (age ≥ 60 y) that compared RT (whole-body) effects on muscle hypertrophy with a control group (CG) were included.

A Preliminary Study on Hepatoprotective, Hypolipidemic and Aortic Morphometric Effects of Omega-3-Rich Fish Oil in Hypercholesterolemic Mice.

This study aims to evaluate the hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic and aortic morphometric effects of fish oil rich in omega-3 in hypercholesterolemic BALB/c mice. This is an experimental model that included 16 male BALB/c mice () divided into three groups (G1 (standard commercial chow and 0.9% saline solution), G2 (hypercholesterolemic diet and 0.

N-Methyl-(2S,4R)-trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline isolated Sideroxylon obtusifolium attenuates TPA-induced irritant contact dermatitis in mice.

Dermatitis is defined as a set of inflammatory diseases that affect the skin, with varied causes. Among the different types of dermatitis, contact dermatitis is the most prevalent. Although the current therapy is often effective, it is associated with adverse effects and the possibility of drug tolerance.

Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Purpose: This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.

Methods: A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included.

Chitosan microparticles loaded with essential oils inhibit duo-biofilms of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans.

Objective: Oral candidiasis is a common fungal infection that affects the oral mucosa, and happens when Candida albicans interacts with bacteria in the oral microbiota, such as Streptococcus mutans, causing severe early childhood caries. C. albicans and S.

Molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 variants in circulation in the state of Maranhão, Brazil.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a coronavirus belonging to the beta CoV genus, responsible for SARS in humans, which became known as COVID-19. The emergence of variants of this virus is related to the presence of cases of reinfection, reduced vaccine effectiveness and greater transmission of the virus. Objective: In this study, we evaluated the molecular epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 lineages circulating in the state of Maranhão.

Medicinal (Radio) Chemistry: Building Radiopharmaceuticals for the Future.

Radiopharmaceuticals are increasingly playing a leading role in diagnosing, monitoring, and treating disease. In comparison with conventional pharmaceuticals, the development of radiopharmaceuticals does follow the principles of medicinal chemistry in the context of imaging-altered physiological processes. The design of a novel radiopharmaceutical has several steps similar to conventional drug discovery and some particularity.

Surgical resection of retrohepatic inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma without vascular reconstruction: case report.

Inferior vena cava leiomyosarcoma (IVCL) is a rare malignant mesenchymal tumor. Surgical treatment is a challenge because it must combine free surgical margins with vascular reconstruction, using prosthetic or autologous grafts, primary suture, or simple ligation without vein reconstruction. The ligation option is possible thanks to the slow growth of the tumor, allowing collateral venous circulation to develop.

Heterocyclic chalcone ()-1-(2-hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl) prop-2-en-1-one derived from a natural product with antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic effect in adult zebrafish.

Unlabelled: Diabetes is a disease linked to pathologies, such as chronic inflammation, neuropathy, and pain. The synthesis by the Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction aims to obtain medium to high yield chalconic derivatives. Studies for the synthesis of new chalcone molecules aim at the structural manipulation of aromatic rings, as well as the replacement of rings by heterocycles, and combination through chemical reactions of synthesized structures with other molecules, in order to enhance biological activity.

Hyperpixels: Flexible 4D Over-Segmentation for Dense and Sparse Light Fields.

4D Light Field (LF) imaging, since it conveys both spatial and angular scene information, can facilitate computer vision tasks and generate immersive experiences for end-users. A key challenge in 4D LF imaging is to flexibly and adaptively represent the included spatio-angular information to facilitate subsequent computer vision applications. Recently, image over-segmentation into homogenous regions with perceptually meaningful information has been exploited to represent 4D LFs.

Hypokinetic Activity of Menthofuran on the Gastrointestinal Tract in Rodents.

The acute toxicity and hypokinetic activity induced by menthofuran on the gastrointestinal tract of rodents were investigated in the present study. An absence of acute toxicity was observed. Menthofuran delayed gastric emptying at oral doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg in the experimental model of phenol red, as well as it reduced the intestinal transit at oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg.

Antioxidant Mechanisms Underlying the Gastroprotective Effect of Menthofuran on Experimentally Induced Gastric Lesions in Rodents.

Menthofuran is a monoterpene present in various essential oils derived from species from genus, and in Brazil, those species are widely used in treating gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. Considering the wide pharmacological potential of monoterpenes, including their antioxidant activity, this study aimed to evaluate menthofuran-gastroprotective activity, as well as the involvement of antioxidant mechanisms in this effect. The acute toxicity was evaluated according to the fixed dose method.

UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-based metabolomic approach and gastroprotective effect of two chemotypes of Egletes viscosa (L.) less. against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Egletes viscosa (L.) (macela) is a native wild herb that can be found in different states of northeastern Brazil. The infusions of its flower buds are traditionally used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Numerical Design of a Thread-Optimized Gripping System for Lap Joint Testing in a Split Hopkinson Apparatus.

Currently, few experimental methods exist that enable the mechanical characterization of adhesives under high strain rates. One such method is the Split Hopkinson Bar (SHB) test. The mechanical characterization of adhesives is performed using different specimen configurations, such as Single Lap Joint (SLJ) specimens.

Long-Term Aerobic Training Improves Mitochondrial and Antioxidant Function in the Liver of Wistar Rats Preventing Hepatic Age-Related Function Decline.

Most studies on the effects of physical exercise have focused on its influence on muscle tissue, forgetting its interference in liver function. Ageing leads to the progressive impairment of hepatic functions. Several biochemical and bioenergetics parameters were determined to test the impact of a lifelong aerobic training program in the hepatic age-related and the development of an adaptative response.

The role of neuroimaging in the determination of brain death.

Brain death is the irreversible cessation of all brain function. Although protocols for its determination vary among countries, the concept of brain death is widely accepted, despite ethical and religious issues. The pathophysiology of brain death is related to hypoxia and ischemia in the setting of extensive brain injury.

Experimental and Numerical Study of Thermal Residual Stresses on Multimaterial Adherends in Single-Lap Joints.

The presence of residual stresses in composite materials can significantly affect material performance, especially when integrated in bonded joints. These stresses, often generated during the cure process, can cause cracking and distortion of the material, and are caused by differences in the coefficients of thermal expansion or cure shrinkage. In the current research, multimaterial adherends combining carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aluminium in a single-lap joint (SLJ) configuration are analysed, allowing us to understand the effect of the thermal residual stresses, developed during the curing process, in the overall performance of the joints.