Can Artificial Intelligence Mitigate Missed Diagnoses by Generating Differential Diagnoses for Neurosurgeons?

Background/objective: Neurosurgery emphasizes the criticality of accurate differential diagnoses, with diagnostic delays posing significant health and economic challenges. As large language models (LLMs) emerge as transformative tools in healthcare, this study seeks to elucidate their role in assisting neurosurgeons with the differential diagnosis process, especially during preliminary consultations.

Methods: This study employed 3 chat-based LLMs, ChatGPT (versions 3.

Prevalence of subclinical systolic dysfunction in Takayasu's arteritis and its association with disease activity: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is a vasculitis that affects the aorta and its branches and causes stenosis, occlusion, and aneurysms. Up to 60% of TA patients are associated with cardiac involvement which confers a poor prognosis. Global longitudinal strain (GLS) analysis is an echocardiographic technique that can detect the presence of subclinical systolic dysfunction.

DOES PARTIAL MENISCECTOMY AFFECT ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION RESULTS?

Objective: To compare the application of partial meniscectomy concomitant with primary ACL reconstruction, using the graft from the patellar tendon with individuals who underwent only ACL reconstruction, in clinical functional criteria and degree of osteoarthritis (OA), after 10 years of the surgical process.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with 37 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with a graft from the patellar tendon, associated or not with partial meniscectomy, divided into 2 groups: with meniscal injury (n = 22) and without meniscal injury (n = 15). Anthropometric data and four outcome measures were used to analyze the results: SF-36 questionnaire, arc of motion assessment, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Ahlbäck Radiographic Classification.

CONTRALATERAL PATELLAR TENDON AUTOGRAFT IN ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of literature about the use of contralateral patellar tendon autograft in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions and present the results.

Methods: The LILACS, MEDLINE, Cochrane, PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar databases were searched without date restrictions for the keywords "anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction" combined with "contralateral" in the article title. After the studies were identified, two independent evaluators collected the qualitative characteristics of the studies and classified them according to clinical outcomes of these grafts as positive, neutral, or negative.

Genetic profiles and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae non-PCV10 serotype isolates recovered from meningitis cases in Salvador, Brazil.

In 2010, the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced into the Brazilian childhood vaccination programme. Concerns have been raised that non-vaccine serotypes could increase in prevalence and reduce the benefits of vaccination; therefore, we examined non-PCV10 isolates recovered from meningitis during pre- (January 2008-May 2010) and post-vaccine (June 2010-December 2012) periods. Surveillance for pneumococcal meningitis was established at the Reference Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Salvador, Brazil.

Tensile bond strength and SEM analysis of enamel etched with Er:YAG laser and phosphoric acid: a comparative study in vitro.

Er:YAG laser has been studied as a potential tool for restorative dentistry due to its ability to selectively remove oral hard tissue with minimal or no thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tensile bond strength (TBS) of an adhesive/composite resin system to human enamel surfaces treated with 37% phosphoric acid, Er:YAG laser (lambda=2.94 microm) with a total energy of 16 J (80 mJ/pulse, 2Hz, 200 pulses, 250 ms pulse width), and Er:YAG laser followed by phosphoric acid etching.

Dentin evaluation after Nd:YAG laser irradiation using short and long pulses.

Objective: Several reports have demonstrated the advantages of using the Nd:YAG laser to reduce dentin permeability by melting the dentin surface. A comparative study using different pulse durations can be useful to obtain further information about the laser-hard tissue interaction.

Materials And Methods: The present study pursues the evaluation of the morphological and chemical changes in human dentin surface resulting from Nd:YAG laser (lambda = 1064 nm) irradiation, with a total energy of 0.

Optothermal transfer simulation in laser-irradiated human dentin.

Laser technology has been studied as a potential replacement to the conventional dental drill. However, to prevent pulpal cell damage, information related to the safety parameters using high-power lasers in oral mineralized tissues is needed. In this study, the heat distribution profiles at the surface and subsurface regions of human dentine samples irradiated with a Nd:YAG laser were simulated using Crank-Nicolson's finite difference method for different laser energies and pulse durations.