Can erythrocytes behavior in microcirculation help the understanding the physiopathology and improve prevention and treatment for covid-19?

Low plasma estrogens, vitamin D deficiency, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, thromboembolism, and impaired microcirculation are linked to the severity of covid-19. Studies have suggested that these comorbidities also are related to erythrocyte factors linked to increased blood viscosity in microcirculation such as erythrocyte aggregation and erythrocyte deformability. Increased blood viscosity in microcirculation can lead to a decrease in oxygenation and nutrition of tissues.

Evaluation of hemorheological parameters as biomarkers of calcium metabolism and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women.

Background: Calcium, vitamin D and insulin resistance are linked to osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease in menopause.

Objective: Determine if hemorheological parameters related to blood viscosity in microcirculation are linked to calcium metabolism and insulin resistance in menopause.

Methods: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)), 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1, 25(OH)2D), parathyroid hormone, ionized calcium, glucose, insulin and hemoglobin A1c were measured in blood from 43 volunteers.

Electric Factors in Wound Healing.

Electric factors such as electric charges, electrodynamic field, skin battery, and interstitial exclusion permeate wound healing physiology and physiopathology from injury to re-epithelialization. The understanding of how electric factors contribute to wound healing and how treatments may interfere with them is fundamental for the development of better strategies for the management of pathological scarring and chronic wounds. Angiogenesis, cell migration, macrophage activation hemorheology, and microcirculation can interfere and be interfered with electric factors.

Beta-estradiol and ethinylestradiol enhance RBC deformability dependent on their blood concentration.

Background: Natural and synthetic estrogens seems to have opposite effects on thrombosis and female cardiovascular system, since natural estrogen was supposed to be protective against cardiovascular diseases and synthetic estrogen has been related to thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this work we have investigated if these differences could be related with the effects on those hormones on some hemorheological parameters.

Objective: The objective of this work was to investigate the hemorheological changes of different concentrations of beta-estradiol and ethinylestradiol, on RBC aggregation and RBC deformability.

Electricity and colloidal stability: how charge distribution in the tissue can affects wound healing.

The role of endogenous electric fields in wound healing is still not fully understood. Electric fields are of fundamental importance in various biological processes, ranging from embryonic development to disease progression, as described by many investigators in the last century. This hypothesis brings together some relevant literature on the importance of electric fields in physiology and pathology, the theory of biologically closed electric circuits, skin battery (a phenomenon that occurs after skin injury and seems to be involved in tissue repair), the relationship between electric charge and interstitial exclusion, and how skin tissues can be regarded as colloidal systems.

Psychological stress as a risk factor for postoperative keloid recurrence.

Objective: To investigate psychological stress on the prognosis of the postoperative recurrence of keloids.

Methods: Patients with keloids (n=25), candidates for surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy, had their psychological stress evaluated on the day before the surgical procedure. The parameters evaluated were pain and itching (Visual Numerical Scale), quality of life (Questionnaire QualiFibro/Cirurgia Plástica-UNIFESP), perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), depression and anxiety (Hospital Depression and Anxiety Scale), salivary cortisol and minimum and maximum galvanic skin responses (GSR) at rest and under stress (i.