Human Neocortex Layer Features Evaluated by PIXE, STIM, and STXM Techniques.

The human neocortex has a cytoarchitecture composed of six layers with an intrinsic organization that relates to afferent and efferent pathways for a high functional specialization. Various histological, neurochemical, and connectional techniques have been used to study these cortical layers. Here, we explore the additional possibilities of swift ion beam and synchrotron radiation techniques to distinguish cellular layers based on the elemental distributions and areal density pattern in the human neocortex.

Changes in the element concentration of the dorsal hippocampus CA1 region during memory consolidation and reconsolidation.

The concentration and distribution of Mg, P, Cl, K, Cu and Zn in the dorsal hippocampus CA1 region of rat brains were studied during memory consolidation and reconsolidation processes stimulated with inhibitory avoidance (IA) tests. Experimental rats were divided into four groups: i) group not submitted to inhibitory avoidance task (IA-N); ii) group submitted to inhibitory avoidance training session (IA-Y); iii) group submitted to inhibitory avoidance reactivation session but did not step down from the platform (IAR-N); and iv) group submitted to avoidance reactivation session and stepped down from the platform (IAR-Y). Elemental concentration and distribution in the CA1 hippocampus region were obtained through the Particle-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) technique.

[Is there an association between cancer mortality and agrotoxics use? A contribution to the debate].

The chronic use of agrotoxics in rural regions of Rio Grande do Sul State (RS) has been tentatively associated to a possible increase in the incidence of cancer in rural areas. A time-trend ecological study was performed in the micro region of Ijuí County (MI), in RS and Brazil, with data of the 1979 to 2003 period. Data was collected from the Mortality Information System, Brazilian Ministry of Health (DATASUS), to evaluate the cancer mortality rate, standardized by gender and age - corrected mortality ratios.

[Increase in breast cancer mortality in Southern Brazil from 1980 to 2002].

Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in the world. Breast cancer mortality rates are high in Brazil and show striking variations between geographic regions. A time-trend ecological study was performed in Southern Brazil from 1980 to 2002.