Metabolomics revealed the influence of breast cancer on lymphatic endothelial cell metabolism, metabolic crosstalk, and lymphangiogenic signaling in co-culture.

Breast cancer metastasis occurs via blood and lymphatic vessels. Breast cancer cells 'educate' lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to support tumor vascularization and growth. However, despite known metabolic alterations in breast cancer, it remains unclear how lymphatic endothelial cell metabolism is altered in the tumor microenvironment and its effect in lymphangiogenic signaling in LECs.

In situ quantification of Cu(II) during an electrodeposition reaction using time-domain NMR relaxometry.

The use of a low-cost benchtop time-domain NMR (TD-NMR) spectrometer to monitor copper electrodeposition in situ is presented. The measurements are based on the strong linear correlation between the concentration of paramagnetic ions and the transverse relaxation rates (R(2)) of the solvent protons. Two electrochemical NMR (EC-NMR) cells were constructed and applied to monitor the Cu(2+) concentration during the electrodeposition reaction.