Microplastics: the hidden danger.

Objective: To assess the impact of microplastics/nanoplastics (MiP/NP) on human health.

Data Source: The authors conducted a narrative review of articles published in English, Portuguese, French and Spanish in the last decade in the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and SciELO. The keywords used in this search were: microplastics OR nanoplastics OR marine litter OR toxicology OR additives AND human health OR children OR adults.

Rate and predictors of insufficient sweat volume in very young infants after pilocarpine gel iontophoresis: prospective, population-based study.

Objective: To verify the rate and predictors of 'quantity not sufficient' (QNS) among Brazilian infants younger than 3 months with positive newborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF).

Design: Prospective, population-based study.

Setting: Public Statewide Newborn Screening Programme where the incidence rate of CF is ≈1:11 000.

Simulation-based bronchoscopy training: Randomized trial comparing worked example to video introduction.

Introduction: Learning the complex skill of bronchoscopy involves the integration of cognitive domains and motor skills. The development of simulators has opened up new possibilities in bronchoscopy training. This study aimed at evaluating how effective the modeling example methodology is in training this skill and assessed its effect on cognitive load in learning.

Sweat conductivity diagnostic accuracy for cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies to summarise the properties of sweat conductivity (SC) to rule in/out cystic fibrosis (CF).

Data Source: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, SciELO and LILACS up to 13 March 2023.

Study Selection: We selected prospective and retrospective diagnostic test accuracy studies which compared SC, measured through two well-established and commercially available devices, that is, Nanoduct or Sweat-Chek Analyser, to quantitative measurement of sweat chloride.

Sweat conductivity for diagnosing cystic fibrosis after positive newborn screening: prospective, diagnostic test accuracy study.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of sweat conductivity among newborns and very young infants.

Design: Prospective, population-based, diagnostic test accuracy study.

Setting: Public Statewide Newborn Screening Programme where the incidence rate of cystic fibrosis (CF) is ≈1:11 000.

Practical approach lung health-global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases (PAL-GARD) initiative in Brazil.

Background: To evaluate the impact of training primary care physicians (PCPs) in the use of the practical approach lung health-global alliance against chronic respiratory diseases (PAL-GARD) upon their diagnostic skills.

Methods: In this real-life three-phase study, PCPs were allocated to a PAL-GARD training or control group. Patients who sought a primary care health facility due to cough, dyspnea and/or wheezing were eligible.

Bronchoscopy simulation training in the post-pandemic world.

Bronchoscopy is an important procedure to examine the airways. It is traditionally taught by having trainees perform it in humans. This carries risks, albeit rarely, and causes stress to trainees.

Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccine on incidence of invasive meningococcal disease in an 18-year time series in Brazil and in distinct Brazilian regions.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in Brazil.

Methods: Ecological study assessing all invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) and meningococcal C disease (MenC) cases reported in all age groups, from 2001 to 2019. MCC was implemented in 2010.

Adding guidance to deliberate reflection improves medical student's diagnostic accuracy.

Context: Diagnostic competence in students is a major medical education goal. Adding instructional guidelines to prompt deliberate reflection fosters medical students' diagnostic proficiency. This study investigates the effects of this teaching strategy on diagnostic accuracy in solving clinical cases of different complexity levels by novice and senior students.

Management of anaphylaxis due to COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly.

Older adults, especially men and/or those with diabetes, hypertension, and/or obesity, are prone to severe COVID-19. In some countries, older adults, particularly those residing in nursing homes, have been prioritized to receive COVID-19 vaccines due to high risk of death. In very rare instances, the COVID-19 vaccines can induce anaphylaxis, and the management of anaphylaxis in older people should be considered carefully.

Differentiation of COVID-19 signs and symptoms from allergic rhinitis and common cold: An ARIA-EAACI-GA LEN consensus.

Background: Although there are many asymptomatic patients, one of the problems of COVID-19 is early recognition of the disease. COVID-19 symptoms are polymorphic and may include upper respiratory symptoms. However, COVID-19 symptoms may be mistaken with the common cold or allergic rhinitis.

Tuberculosis in Brazil: one country, multiple realities.

Objective: To identify the determinants of tuberculosis-related variables in the various regions of Brazil and evaluate trends in those variables over the ten-year period preceding the end of the timeframe defined for the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).

Methods: This was an ecological analytical study in which we utilized eight national public databases to investigate the 716,971 new tuberculosis cases reported between 2006 and 2015.

Results: Over the study period, there were slight reductions in the prevalence, incidence, and mortality associated with tuberculosis.

Associated factors with recurrent wheezing in infants: is there difference between the sexes?

Objective: Identify associated factors for recurrent wheezing (RW) in male and female infants.

Methods: Cross-sectional multicentric study using the standardized questionnaire from the Estudio Internacional sobre Sibilancias en Lactantes (EISL). The questionnaire was applied to parents of 9345 infants aged 12-15 months at the time of immunization/routine visits.

Inequalities and Inequities in Pediatric Respiratory Diseases.

Social inequality refers to disparities in society that have the effect of limiting a group's socioeconomic, educational, and intellectual potential. Inequity in health means any limitation to access comprehensive health services that also hinders the achievement of well-being and favorable health outcomes. Strategies for more equitable growth to eradicate global poverty would contribute to reducing health inequities and improve health care outcomes.

Circulation profile of respiratory viruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic children from Midwest Brazil.

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most of these infections are caused by viruses. Infections pose as important triggers of acute episodes of chronic respiratory diseases (CRD).

Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on mortality from lower respiratory infections and pneumonia among under-fives.

There is a well-known inverse association between mortality rate from infectious diseases and improvements in socioeconomic status, even though longer time-series are required to demonstrate this relationship. This general rule seems to apply to mortality from pneumonia in children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) era. Two recent published secular trend studies spanning from about 30 years among Brazilians under the age of five show either no effect of PCV - not even death rate decline from pneumococcal meningitis - or a modest one (8% reduction).

A global respiratory perspective on the COVID-19 pandemic: commentary and action proposals.

https://bit.ly/30yNyhP

What we know so far about Coronavirus Disease 2019 in children: A meta-analysis of 551 laboratory-confirmed cases.

Aim: To summarize what we know so far about coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in children.

Method: We searched PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information from 1 January 2020 to 4 May 2020. We selected randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case reports, and research letters of children ages birth to 18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19.

ARIA digital anamorphosis: Digital transformation of health and care in airway diseases from research to practice.

Digital anamorphosis is used to define a distorted image of health and care that may be viewed correctly using digital tools and strategies. MASK digital anamorphosis represents the process used by MASK to develop the digital transformation of health and care in rhinitis. It strengthens the ARIA change management strategy in the prevention and management of airway disease.